{"id":2695,"date":"2025-10-03T10:32:59","date_gmt":"2025-10-03T10:32:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/"},"modified":"2025-10-03T10:32:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-03T10:32:59","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a8-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/high-strength-bolts-steel-the-secret-force-behind-modern-engineering\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a 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target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 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href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/5-secrets-of-heat-treatment-process-engineering-metal-properties-revealed\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"561\" target=\"_blank\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f 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\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 (Mo): \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641) \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 (B): \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (C)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632 (Mn)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 (Cr)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 (Mo)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 (B)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637. <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/thread-rolling-the-ultimate-guide-to-stronger-more-durable-threads\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"557\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/a> 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\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/7-game-changing-surface-treatment-methods-engineers-use-to-enhance-materials\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"558\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 150 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-b-x9iFcCkb8.jpg\" height=\"1067\" width=\"1600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2697\" alt=\"\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-b-x9iFcCkb8.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-b-x9iFcCkb8-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-b-x9iFcCkb8-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-b-x9iFcCkb8-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-b-x9iFcCkb8-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/> <\/p>\n<h2>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (ISO) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (EN) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A325 \/ A325: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 F3125 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a A325 \u0648 A490 \u0648 F1852 \u0648 F2280 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 A325 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>astm F3125 \/ A490: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a A490 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 A490\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 F3125\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a A325. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>ASTM A193 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 B7: \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/ultimate-guide-alloy-steel-screws-material-selection-and-best-practices-2024\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"566\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 B7 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 (Cr-Mo)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>ASTM A354 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 BD: \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0631 4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 BD \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 ASTM A490. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (ksi)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (\u0643\u0633\u064a)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\"><strong>F3125 \/ A325<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">1\/2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1-1\/2<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">120 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u2264 1\u2033)\u060c 105 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a &gt; 1\u2033)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">92 (\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u2264 1\u2033)\u060c 81 (\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 &gt; 1\u2033)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\"><strong>F3125 \/ A490<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">1\/2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1-1\/2<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">150 &#8211; 173<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">130<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\"><strong>A193 \/ B7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 2-1\/2<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">125<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">105<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\"><strong>A354 \/ BD<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">1\/4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4\/1<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">150<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">130<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 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\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 (\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a).<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0647\u0634. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a. \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644) \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a (SCC): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a (SCC) \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0634 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 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width=\"144\">\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\/\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064a\u0629\" \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u061b \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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width=\"144\"><strong>\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062e\u0631\u061b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f.<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644).<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\"\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\" \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a. \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a (\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a) \u0623\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631)\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u061f \u0633\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u061f \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ASTM F3125 \u0648 A193\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f - \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 - \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol class=\"[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-decimal space-y-1.5 pl-7\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.astm.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>SAE \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 SAE \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sae.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sae.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ASME - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.asme.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (IFI)<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.indfast.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.indfast.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>NIST - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ISO - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.iso.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ASM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ANSI - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ansi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ansi.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f - ScienceDirect Topics<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (TMS)<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tms.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.tms.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>High-Strength Bolt Steel: Understanding the Science Behind Strong Fasteners High-strength bolts are the hidden champions of modern building and engineering. They carry huge weights, resist incredible forces, and keep structures safe &#8211; from tall skyscrapers and long bridges to powerful wind turbines and heavy factory machines. While we see them everywhere, the science behind what [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2698,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-speed-rail-track-fasteners"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2695"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2695\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2887,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2695\/revisions\/2887"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}