{"id":2714,"date":"2025-10-03T13:45:11","date_gmt":"2025-10-03T13:45:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/"},"modified":"2025-10-03T13:45:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-03T13:45:11","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/ultimate-guide-how-to-choose-the-perfect-rubber-pad-for-your-engineering-project\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/ultimate-guide-spring-steel-properties-and-engineering-applications-2024\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"596\" target=\"_blank\">\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 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\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-867704.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2717\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-867704.jpg\" alt=\"\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-867704.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-867704-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-867704-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-867704-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a 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\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/raw-material-testing-a-comprehensive-guide-to-quality-control-methods-2024\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"589\" target=\"_blank\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0623\u060c \u062f (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">ASTM D2240<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">ASTM D412<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">%<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">ASTM D412<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">%<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">ASTM D395<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">ASTM D624<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 (\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628)<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">ASTM D5963<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\" \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (NR)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0633 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00ae (CR)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00ae\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/mastering-outdoor-weather-resistance-a-scientific-guide-to-material-durability\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"590\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646<\/a>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>EPDM<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644 (NBR)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 NBR \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (VMQ)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u00ae (FKM)<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Viton\u00ae\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-1024650.jpg\" height=\"853\" width=\"1280\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2716\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-1024650.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-1024650-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-1024650-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-1024650-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/> <\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/ultimate-guide-alloy-steel-screws-material-selection-and-best-practices-2024\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"584\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (NR)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 (CR)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">EPDM<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644 (NBR)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (VMQ)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 FKM \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 EPDM \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 EPDM \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648 NBR.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646)\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0634\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u061f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642. \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 (CR)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">EPDM<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644 (NBR)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (VMQ)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u00ae (FKM)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 FKM \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 EPDM \u0623\u0648 NBR \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0642\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 NBR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/ultimate-guide-alloy-steel-screws-raw-material-selection-for-maximum-strength\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"593\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2162713.png\" height=\"640\" width=\"1280\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2715\" alt=\"\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2162713.png 1280w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2162713-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2162713-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2162713-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/> <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b. 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\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637: \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/color-blending-math-science-technical-guide-for-developers-2025\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"595\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-text-100 mt-1 -mb-0.5\"><\/h2>\n<ol class=\"[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-decimal space-y-1.5 pl-7\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.astm.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 (SPE)<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.4spe.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.4spe.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>SAE \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 SAE \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sae.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sae.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ISO - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.iso.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ASM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 - ACS - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rubber.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.rubber.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f - ScienceDirect<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ANSI - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ansi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ansi.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>NIST - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Complete Guide to Rubber Pads: Understanding the Basics A rubber pad might look like a simple, basic part. However, for an engineer or designer, thinking this way is a big mistake. When a single rubber pad fails\u2014whether in a million-dollar industrial machine, a delicate electronic case, or a piece of heavy equipment\u2014it can cause [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2716,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-speed-rail-track-fasteners"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2714"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2890,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2714\/revisions\/2890"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2716"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}