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\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629\" \u0623\u0648 \"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\" \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>T = K \u00d7 D \u00d7 F<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T = \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646-\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646-\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0637\u0644-\u0642\u062f\u0645 (\u0642\u062f\u0645-\u0631\u0637\u0644).<\/li>\n<li>K = \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632 \/ \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643: \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>D = \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0645) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>F = \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642: \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 (N) \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 (\u0631\u0637\u0644).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \"\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K\"<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f. \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 50% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 40% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644 10% \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 90% \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u00b1 25% \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (IFI).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 (\u062c\u0627\u0641)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">0.20 &#8211; 0.30<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 (\u062c\u0627\u0641)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">0.18 &#8211; 0.25<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u062c\u0627\u0641)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">0.12 &#8211; 0.18<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">0.25 &#8211; 0.40<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">0.08 &#8211; 0.15<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u061b \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u00ae<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">0.19 &#8211; 0.28<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 100% \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2955\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-200778.jpg\" alt=\"screw, wood, weathered, old, rusty, construction, equipment, carpentry, repair, timber, plank, hardware, fix, handyman, worker, job, hardwood, craft, improvement, repairman, craftsman, build, occupation, man, tools, labor, installation, woodwork, trade, professional, fixing, thread, craftsmanship, fastener, threaded, gray construction, gray job, gray tools\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-200778.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-200778-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-200778-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-200778-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 10% \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c K = 0.20)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c K = 0.12 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629: \u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2: \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 100 \u0642\u062f\u0645-\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">% \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">0.20<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">10,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (30 \u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">0.15<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">13,333 \u0631\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">+33%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">0.10<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">20,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">+100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621: \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 K \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628: \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 (\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 (AISC).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 3: \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00b1 3% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 5%.<\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (DTI): \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (DTI) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u00b110%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643)<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u00b1 25% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 35%<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629)<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u00b115%<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u00b1 3% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 5%<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a DTI<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u00b110%<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0641\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 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\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u062c. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 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\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061f\" \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/<\/a><\/strong> \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 - \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sae.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sae.org\/<\/a><\/strong> SAE \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.portlandbolt.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.portlandbolt.com\/<\/a><\/strong> \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a - \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersedge.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.engineersedge.com\/<\/a><\/strong> \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 - \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nord-lock.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nord-lock.com\/<\/a><\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f-\u0644\u0648\u0643 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/webstore.ansi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/webstore.ansi.org\/<\/a><\/strong> ANSI - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 ANSI<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.iso.org\/<\/a><\/strong> ISO - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 ISO - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/mechanicalc.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/mechanicalc.com\/<\/a><\/strong> \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643 - \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.stackexchange.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/engineering.stackexchange.com\/<\/a><\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 - \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong><a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aftfasteners.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.aftfasteners.com\/<\/a><\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a AFT - \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 - \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Real Secret to Strong Bolts: Why Clamp Load Matters More Than Torque The most important thing about a bolted joint isn\u2019t how much you turn the wrench, but how tightly the bolt grips the parts together. This idea goes against what many people have learned over the years, where torque wrenches and impact guns [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2955,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-speed-rail-track-fasteners"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2953"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2958,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953\/revisions\/2958"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}