{"id":3509,"date":"2026-04-27T04:37:22","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T04:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/screw-bolt\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T04:37:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T04:37:57","slug":"screw-bolt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/screw-bolt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"direct-answer\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a+ \u0645\u0646 DEWALT \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0645\u064f\u062b\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/b16-5-pipe-flanges-flanged-fittings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0629 ASME B16.5<\/a>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 150 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2500 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>UNC\/UNF\/\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 (\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>UNC\/UNF<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>UNC<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 (\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u063a<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0634\u0646 (\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>UNC\/UNF\/\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\/\u0628\/\u0623\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 (\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 J)<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0634\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 (\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0637\u0628)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 = \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>UNC\/\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 UNC (\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f)\u060c UNF (\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 ISO \u2014 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 SAE\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u2014 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/screw-bolt-howto.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631: UNC \u0648 UNF<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f. \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <strong>3\/8\u2033-16 \u00d7 2\u2033<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>3\/8&#8243;<\/strong> = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637)<\/li>\n<li><strong>16<\/strong> = \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634 (TPI)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d7 2\u2033<\/strong> = \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 (\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a UNC (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634 \u2014 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a. UNF (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645) \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634 \u2014 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u0641\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 UNF \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1\/4\u2033 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645: #4-40\u060c #6-32\u060c #8-32\u060c #10-24\u060c #10-32. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a 0.013\u2033 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0641 0.060\u2033 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 TPI.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 ISO<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645: <strong>M10 \u00d7 1.5 \u00d7 50<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M10<\/strong> = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a 10 \u0645\u0645<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d7 1.5<\/strong> = \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d7 50<\/strong> = \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631). M10 \u00d7 1.5 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0634\u0646\u061b M10 \u00d7 1.25 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/4160.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 261 \u0648 ISO 262<\/a> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u0646 0.35 \u0645\u0645 (M2) \u0625\u0644\u0649 6.0 \u0645\u0645 (M100).<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629: 4.6\u060c 4.8\u060c 5.8\u060c 6.8\u060c 8.8\u060c 10.9\u060c 12.9. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 X.Y \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a: UTS = X \u00d7 100 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 = UTS \u00d7 (Y\/10). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 10.9 = 1000 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u060c 900 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12.9 = 1200 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f \u2014 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 SAE \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 = \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 = \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 = \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 74,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062f). \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 \u2014 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u201c10.9\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c8.8\u201d). \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641: A2-70\u060c A4-80\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b A2 = \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304\u060c A4 = \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u00d7 10 = \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u2014 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<th>TPI \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0640 UNC<\/th>\n<th>TPI \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0640 UNF<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>#8 (0.164&#8243;)<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>M4<\/td>\n<td>720 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td>1,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>#10 (0.190&#8243;)<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>M5<\/td>\n<td>970 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td>1,380 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1\/4&#8243;<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>M6<\/td>\n<td>2,100 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td>2,950 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3\/8&#8243;<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>M10<\/td>\n<td>5,710 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td>8,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1\/2&#8243;<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>M12<\/td>\n<td>9,850 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td>13,800 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3\/4&#8243;<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>\u064520<\/td>\n<td>22,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td>30,800 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1&#8243;<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>M24<\/td>\n<td>37,600 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td>52,950 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 SAE 5 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 SAE 8\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631 ASTM F3125 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u2014 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM A325 \u0648A490 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a ASTM F3125). \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aisc.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a>, \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a A325 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 3\/4\u2033 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 28 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0637\u0644 (28,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644) \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u2014 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40% \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646: \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a (\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647) \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (f\u2019c)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a J \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 12 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ICC-ES AC193 \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 25%) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u2014 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5\/8)<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (HDG)<\/td>\n<td>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 50 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \/ \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 (A4-70 \u0623\u0648 A4-80)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \/ \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a C276\u060c \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 20<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (&gt;500\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a A193 B7 (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645-\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a) \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 718<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 700\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316L\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 ASTM A967<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 EHEDG<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12.9 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629. 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\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/strong> \u2014 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0627\u062a\u061b (3) <strong>\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u2014 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0637 V \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0629\u061b (4) <strong>\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0637 V (UNC\/UNF\/ISO \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0649) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 SAE: \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 = \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f 74000 \u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0625\u0646\u0634\u00b2)\u061b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (120000 \u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0625\u0646\u0634\u00b2)\u061b \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 (150000 \u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0625\u0646\u0634\u00b2). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 X.Y \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 = X \u00d7 100 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 = UTS \u00d7 (Y\/10). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8.8 = 800 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 UTS \/ 640 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 10.9 = 1000 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 UTS \/ 900 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u2014 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \/ 4.6 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (\u0634\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646). \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \/ \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637: \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 1\u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c 1.5\u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c 2\u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631. \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0628 SAE\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 M10 (10.0\u0645\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0628 3\/8\u2033 (9.525\u0645\u0645) \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.475\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 M8 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0628 5\/16\u2033 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 SAE \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 M10 \u00d7 1.5 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 3\/8\u2033-16 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 <strong>T = K \u00d7 D \u00d7 F<\/strong>, \u062d\u064a\u062b T = \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0625\u0646-\u0631\u0637\u0644), K = \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 (0.20 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c 0.15 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c 0.11 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0639 \/ \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a coated), D = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629), F = \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0631\u0637\u0644). \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 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