{"id":3599,"date":"2026-05-02T13:45:07","date_gmt":"2026-05-02T13:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/castellated-nut\/"},"modified":"2026-05-02T13:45:29","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T13:45:29","slug":"castellated-nut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/castellated-nut\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"direct-answer\"><strong>\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0643 (\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629) 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/01-hero-1.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>A <strong>\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0640 15\u201320 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629\u2013\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u064a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0636\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \/ \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u2014 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637)<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061b \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u2014 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2014 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>~15\u201320 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>ISO 4032\u060c ASME B18.2.2<\/td>\n<td>DIN 935\u060c AN310\u060c MS17825<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627) \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u2014 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (DIN 935 \/ SAE J482)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 DIN 935 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629. \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a (Deutsches Institut f\u00fcr Normung)\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 M4 \u062d\u062a\u0649 M100\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 6\u060c 8\u060c \u064810. \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 SAE J482 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\n\u2013 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629<br \/>\n\u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631<br \/>\n\u2013 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 DIN 1444 \/ ISO 1234<br \/>\n\u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 DIN 71 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sae.org\/standards\/content\/j482\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J482 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (DIN 979)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 DIN 979 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639 DIN 935 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 20\u201330 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 (AN310 \/ MS17825)<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>AN310<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 MS20310 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u2014 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (CRES)\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 AN \u0648 MS \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li><strong>MS17825<\/strong> \u2014 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 (AN380 \u0623\u0648 AN381) \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/standards.nasa.gov\/standard\/nasa\/nasa-std-5020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 NASA-STD-5020<\/a>, \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>DIN 935 \/ SAE J482<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \/ UNF\/UNC<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8\u060c SS304<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>DIN 979<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 6<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>AN310 \/ MS17825<\/td>\n<td>AN \/ MS (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645 \/ CRES<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 DIN 935<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \/ DIN 935<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 M42\u2013M100<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<td>6 \u0623\u0648 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u2014 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 DIN 935\u060c DIN 979\u060c \u0648 AN310 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/02-types-1.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>A <strong>\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 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\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c 100\u2013150 \u0642\u062f\u0645-\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u2014 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0636\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633<\/strong> \u2014 \u062b\u0646\u0650 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1.5 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u2014 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u2014 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/03-howto.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a) \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629.<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/f1221-16.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f ASTM \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0631 (ASTM F1221)<\/a> \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u0642\u0641\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/strong> \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/strong> \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d <strong>\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong> (\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a SAE \u0648DIN \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628: \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 304 SS \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 316 SS \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316<\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u2014 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a 304 SS \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0623 softer\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 (SAE\u060c DIN\u060c AN\/MS)<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>DIN 935<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 6<\/td>\n<td>380<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>DIN 935<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 8<\/td>\n<td>580<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>SAE J482<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5<\/td>\n<td>552<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CRES (17-4 PH)<\/td>\n<td>AN310<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>1100+<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 304<\/td>\n<td>DIN 935<\/td>\n<td>A2-70<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 316<\/td>\n<td>DIN 935<\/td>\n<td>A4-80<\/td>\n<td>640<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<td>DIN 935<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>~120<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 8 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 6 <strong>\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u2014 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0651\u0647. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f:<br \/>\n&#8211; <strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/strong> (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c M20\u00d71.5 \u0623\u0648 3\/4\u201316 UNF)<br \/>\n&#8211; <strong>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong> (6\u060c 8\u060c 10 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633\u061b Grade 5 \u0623\u0648 Grade 8 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<br \/>\n&#8211; <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> (DIN 935 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c SAE J482 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u060c AN310 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646)<br \/>\n&#8211; <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/strong> (\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \/ Zn-Ni \/ \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \/ \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u061b \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 Cr3+ \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631)<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u2014 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0643\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u061b \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a (2026+)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u2014 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627: <strong>\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 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