{"id":4558,"date":"2026-05-26T14:40:38","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T14:40:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/brass-washers\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T14:40:38","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T14:40:38","slug":"brass-washers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/brass-washers\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (2025)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"direct-answer\"><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0622\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/01-hero-38.png\" alt=\"\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\" \/><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washer_(hardware)\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 <strong>C260 (\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 70% \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \/ 30% \u0632\u0646\u0643)<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 <strong>C360 (\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u060c 61.5% \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \/ 35.5% \u0632\u0646\u0643 \/ 3% \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635)<\/strong> \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brass\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 60-70% \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong> \u2014 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u2014 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 28% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/strong> \u2014 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong> \u2014 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/strong> \u2014 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a 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\/><\/figure>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SAE (\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (ID) \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (OD) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/03-howto-28.png\" alt=\"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\" \/><\/figure>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 ASME B18.22.1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a = \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 + 0.031 \u0625\u0646\u0634. (\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a = \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 + 0.063 \u0625\u0646\u0634. (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a = \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 + 0.094 \u0625\u0646\u0634. (\u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 = \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 = \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629) = \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (\u0631\u0637\u0644) \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d (\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629). \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 400-600 \u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0625\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 1000-1500 \u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0625\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 500-800 \u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0625\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642 (0.040-0.050 \u0625\u0646\u0634) \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c C260<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 C360<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0642. \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 (SCC)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<table>\n<caption><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2: \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 SAE)<\/strong><\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634)<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634)<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 SAE<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>#6<\/td>\n<td>0.156<\/td>\n<td>0.375<\/td>\n<td>0.049<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 6 SAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>#8<\/td>\n<td>0.188<\/td>\n<td>0.438<\/td>\n<td>0.049<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 8 SAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>#10<\/td>\n<td>0.203<\/td>\n<td>0.500<\/td>\n<td>0.049<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 10 SAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1\/4 \u0625\u0646\u0634<\/td>\n<td>0.281<\/td>\n<td>0.625<\/td>\n<td>0.065<\/td>\n<td>1\/4 SAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5\/16 \u0625\u0646\u0634<\/td>\n<td>0.344<\/td>\n<td>0.688<\/td>\n<td>0.065<\/td>\n<td>5\/16 SAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3\/8 \u0625\u0646\u0634<\/td>\n<td>0.406<\/td>\n<td>0.812<\/td>\n<td>0.065<\/td>\n<td>3\/8 SAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1\/2 \u0625\u0646\u0634<\/td>\n<td>0.531<\/td>\n<td>1.062<\/td>\n<td>0.095<\/td>\n<td>1\/2 SAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5\/8 \u0625\u0646\u0634<\/td>\n<td>0.656<\/td>\n<td>1.312<\/td>\n<td>0.095<\/td>\n<td>5\/8 SAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3\/4 \u0625\u0646\u0634<\/td>\n<td>0.812<\/td>\n<td>1.469<\/td>\n<td>0.134<\/td>\n<td>3\/4 SAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 304 \u0623\u0648 316) \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (~30,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0640 304 SS \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 ~15,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 C260) \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 5 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0640 20-40% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ampp.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AMPP (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640 NACE International)<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u2014 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 (\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629). \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (~100% IACS \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 ~28% IACS \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c PTFE\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644) \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/metal-corrosion-d_1050.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 ToolBox<\/a> \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<table>\n<caption><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 (C260)<\/th>\n<th>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 304<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f (\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 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