{"id":4628,"date":"2026-05-29T14:52:33","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T14:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/metal-fastener\/"},"modified":"2026-06-03T05:03:01","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T05:03:01","slug":"metal-fastener","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/metal-fastener\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a - \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 - \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u2014 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/01-hero-40.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0633\u0643\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642. \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indfast.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644) \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (\u0634\u062f). \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b - \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. <strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 - \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642. <strong>\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\/\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0664\u0660\u0660\u2013\u0661\u0664\u0660\u0660 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630)<\/td>\n<td>\u0664\u0660\u2013\u0668\u0660 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u201360 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 800 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629+<\/td>\n<td>\u201340 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 (\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u2013\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/02-types-28.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.\"  > <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>A <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0630\u0648 \u0633\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u2014\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: <strong>\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633<\/strong> (\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646)\u060c <strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/strong> (UNC\/UNF \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629\u061b \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 M \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong> (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a SAE 2\/5\/8 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629\u061b ISO 8.8\/10.9\/12.9 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a)\u060c \u0648 <strong>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642<\/strong>. \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 120,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u2014 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0639\u0646\u062f ~55,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u062a\u064e\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u2014\u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u2014\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642. \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0628<\/strong>: \u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u0646\u061b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong> (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0643): \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u2014 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631. \u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u061b \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642) \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boltdepot.com\/fastener-information\/Rivets\/Blind-Rivets.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0635 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0661\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629<\/a> \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u062f\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629) \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u2014 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646) \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u201d. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u061b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0644<\/strong>: \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong> (\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u064a-\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0643): \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u2014 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633<\/strong> (\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0668\u2013\u0662\u0660 \u0645\u0645. \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 (\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645 (\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062d)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304<\/strong> (18% \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c 8% \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u2014 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u062e\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316<\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 2\u20133% \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 20\u201330% \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u2014 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643<\/strong> (\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a): 5\u201312 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 6\u201324 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong>: 45\u201385 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629: <strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629<\/strong>. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 (\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643) \u064a\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u2014 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 60,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641. \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 2024 \u06487075 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (ACQ\u060c \u062e\u0634\u0628 CA) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 18-8 (304)<\/td>\n<td>70\u2013100 \u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\/\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 316<\/td>\n<td>70\u2013100 \u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &gt;400\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646)<\/td>\n<td>60\u2013120+ \u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<td>45\u201370 \u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (2024)<\/td>\n<td>55\u201370 ksi<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong> (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a A325 \u0648A490) \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 70% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 ACQ \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aisc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 (AISC)<\/a> \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 M6 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 M20 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0644\u062a. <strong>\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/strong> (\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0643 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646: \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. <strong>\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a D<\/strong>, <strong>\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a O<\/strong>, <strong>\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/strong>\u0648 <strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u0646\u062f<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642. <strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0632<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631) \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1873.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637)\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062e\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0640\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642 \u2014 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u2014 \u201c\u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 1\/4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629\u201d \u2014 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/03-howto-30.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.\"  > <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u062f (\u0633\u062d\u0628)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635 (\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645) \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 AISC \u0648AASHTO \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316L \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (&gt;500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637: <strong>\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/strong> \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u00d7 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: 1\/4-20 UNC) \u2014 \u0648 <strong>\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (ISO) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: M6\u00d71.0). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644. \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 1\/4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 M6\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 (6.35 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 6.0 \u0645\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0633. \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 18 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0633 (\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 SAE 5 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637. ISO 8.8 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u2014 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629. \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2026 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627)<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong> \u2014 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u2014 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 MEMS \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 $5 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d: <strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645<\/strong>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7\u20139% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (EAF)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 70\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 EAF \u0628\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 75\u066a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 EAF \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 (LEED\u060c BREEAM).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 A325\/A490) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0645. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (OSHA)<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u2014 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>2026\u20132028<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 EAF<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u20132027<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2027\u20132030<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>2026\u20132029<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2027+<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a (\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 (\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0629 (\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636\u064a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0632 (\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\/\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632)\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a D\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a O\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0646. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.craftsindustryalliance.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (304 \u0623\u0648 316) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 SAE 5 (\u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 ASTM A325. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u2014 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 ASTM A490 \u0623\u0648 ISO 10.9. \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (AISC\u060c AASHTO\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633). \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 LEED.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644) \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\">productionscrews.com<\/a> \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/04-closing-34.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 DingLong \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629.\"  > <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u2014 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a A490 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ps-internal-links v1 START --><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/hexagon-socket-screws\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/hex-nut\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/flange-screws\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/blogs\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/custom-fastener-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/category\/screws-flange-tutorial\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u2014 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/bolt-screw\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/nylon-lock-nuts\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a (2026)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/how-do-you-use-a-rivet-gun\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u061f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/vehicle-threads\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/m2-screws\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a M2: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/acme-thread\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/a2-70-bolt\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a A2-70: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/bolt-nut-stainless-steel\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- ps-internal-links v1 END --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4624,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-screws-flange-tutorial"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4628"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4660,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4628\/revisions\/4660"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}