{"id":4866,"date":"2026-06-10T00:13:22","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T00:13:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/stainless-fasteners\/"},"modified":"2026-06-10T00:13:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T00:13:34","slug":"stainless-fasteners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/stainless-fasteners\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"direct-answer\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304 (A2) \u0623\u0648 316 (A4)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u2014 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/stainless-fasteners-hero.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a: \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633\" \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062e\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 10.5\u066a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \"\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633\"\u061b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u064f\u062f\u0634\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u062a\u064a: \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SAE_304_stainless_steel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 SAE 304<\/a>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (140 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>A2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 A4: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/70045.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 3506-1:2020<\/a>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0640 A2 (\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 304) \u0648A4 (\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 316). \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>304 \/ A2<\/th>\n<th>316 \/ A4<\/th>\n<th>18-8<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 %<\/td>\n<td>18-20%<\/td>\n<td>16-18%<\/td>\n<td>18%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 %<\/td>\n<td>8-10.5%<\/td>\n<td>10-14%<\/td>\n<td>8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/td>\n<td>2-3%<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 15-25\u066a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a 304 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 2-3% \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 316 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stainless_steel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/a>\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a 316 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0643\u0640 \u201c\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>18-8 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 18% \/ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 8%. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ASTM \u0623\u0648 ISO.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a A2 \u0648A4\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 (M10 x 1.5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 3\/8\u2033-16 UNC \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u063a\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629) \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0640\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0643\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a 316 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 304 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 (\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646) \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637) \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0640<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \/ \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>A2 (304)\u060c A4 (316)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>304, 316<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>304, 316<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0646)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>304 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631)\u060c 316 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\/\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\/\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \/ \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>304, 316<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 316<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u2014 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/stainless-fasteners-types.png\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u201c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u201d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 A2 \u0623\u0648 A4 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 19,000-22,000 \u0645\u0644\u063a\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b 50-140 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 304 (A2) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316 (A4) \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631: \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316L (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 316) \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631. \u062d\u062a\u0649 316 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (CIP) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 (SIP) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316 (A4) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a 304.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 ISO (\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/70045.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 3506-1<\/a>) \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 304 (A2) \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 316. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (ACQ) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644. \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 316 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b: \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 304 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 31\u066a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 316 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 20\u066a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064831\u066a \u062d\u062a\u0649 50 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stainless_steel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/a>. \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629): 304 \/ A2 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a): 304 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 316 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 (\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628): 316 \/ A4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 316L \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629): \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644. 316 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 CIP): 316 \/ A4\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 (PREN)\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: %Cr + 3.3 \u00d7 %Mo + 16 \u00d7 %N. \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b 18-22\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b 24-26\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0643\u0633 2205 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f PREN \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637: \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 (MoS2)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PTFE \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/api\/citations\/19900009424\/downloads\/19900009424.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 (2A\/2B \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a) \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Nitronic 60 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0632)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 304 \u0623\u0648 316.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Grade 8 (SAE J429) \u0623\u0648 ASTM A490 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a A2-70 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 304\u060c \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 70) \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 60-70% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a Grade 8 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u061b \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 (\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a A2 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 A4 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 A2 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a. \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0643\u0634\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 A2 \u0648A4\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u2014 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/stainless-fasteners-howto.png\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 (2026 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 304\/316. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0643\u0633 (\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062a\u064a\/\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a) \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 316 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0643\u0633 2205 (UNS S31803) \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 PREN \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 35\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 316\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 316 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 (PH)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 17-4 PH (UNS S17400)\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 17-4 PH \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 (2101 \u06482304) \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 PREN \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 316 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 2205. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 2205.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th>PREN (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627)<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0640<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>304 \/ A2<\/td>\n<td>18-22<\/td>\n<td>210-310<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>316 \/ A4<\/td>\n<td>24-26<\/td>\n<td>210-310<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Duplex 2205<\/td>\n<td>35-38<\/td>\n<td>450+<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>17-4 PH<\/td>\n<td>14-18<\/td>\n<td>550-1000+<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 60<\/td>\n<td>~20<\/td>\n<td>350+<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 316 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0644 5-7 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 316 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 304 \u0648316\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n316 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 316 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u061b 304 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 316 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 15-25\u066a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f) \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 (\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644) \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\/\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 304 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 316\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 304 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a: \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 316 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 316\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 A2-70 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 60-70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 8 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (304\u060c 316) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a A2-70 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 3506-1\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 'A2' \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 (\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 304) \u0648'70' \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 700 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644. A2-70 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644. A4-80 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 316 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 800 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648ACQ \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 304 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 316 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u2014 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/stainless-fasteners-closing.png\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 '\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633' \u0648'\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633' \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629: 304 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c 316 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633. \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 A2 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 A4.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 304 \u0648316 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 Production Screws<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a: \u0634\u0631\u062d UNC \u0648UNF \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 304 \u0648316\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4862,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-screws-flange-tutorial"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4866"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4867,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4866\/revisions\/4867"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}