{"id":2739,"date":"2025-10-03T13:55:47","date_gmt":"2025-10-03T13:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/"},"modified":"2025-10-04T14:25:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T14:25:11","slug":"ultimate-guide-to-metal-heat-treatment-transform-metal-properties-like-a-pro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/ultimate-guide-to-metal-heat-treatment-transform-metal-properties-like-a-pro\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 X\u1eed L\u00fd Nhi\u1ec7t Kim Lo\u1ea1i: Bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed5i T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t Kim Lo\u1ea1i Nh\u01b0 M\u1ed9t Chuy\u00ean Gia"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn V\u1ec1 X\u1eed L\u00fd Nhi\u1ec7t Kim Lo\u1ea1i: C\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed5i T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t Kim Lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<h2>Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u: Thay \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00e1ch Kim Lo\u1ea1i Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nung n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i kim lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i kim lo\u1ea1i \u2013 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh th\u00e9p th\u00e0nh m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111i xa h\u01a1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc khoa h\u1ecdc ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi nung n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. Khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, bi\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/ultimate-guide-spring-steel-properties-and-engineering-applications-2024\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"631\" target=\"_blank\">t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u00e9p<\/a>, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 pha, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecdc B\u1ea3n V\u1ebd K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 pha s\u1eaft-Cacbon l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e9p. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khoa h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c pha t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1eaft-cacbon \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c pha quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c pha ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ferrit: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1eaft m\u1ec1m, d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t \u00edt cacbon.<\/li>\n<li>Austenit: M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1eaft kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u cacbon h\u01a1n (t\u1ed1i \u0111a 2.11% theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb pha n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>Cementit: M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft-cacbon c\u1ee9ng, gi\u00f2n (6.67% cacbon). N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n trong th\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<li>Perlite: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pha \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp xen k\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ferrit v\u00e0 cementit. N\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm t\u1eeb austenit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng A1, hay nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ea5p, kho\u1ea3ng 727\u00b0C (1341\u00b0F). D\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, austenit kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng A3 cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e9p \u00edt cacbon chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh austenit. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Acm cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00e9p cacbon cao ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o austenit. Nung th\u00e9p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 austenit h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1c C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac B\u00ean Trong<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ferrit: L\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng u\u1ed1n cong cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>Perlite: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp g\u1ed3m ferrit v\u00e0 cementit n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng u\u1ed1n cong c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i. Perlite th\u00f4, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm, m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. Perlite m\u1ecbn, t\u1eeb l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed), c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Bainite: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trung gian h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh perlite nh\u01b0ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensite. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t carbide m\u1ecbn trong ma tr\u1eadn ferrit, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Martensite: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u00e3o h\u00f2a si\u00eau b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a carbon trong s\u1eaft v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng austenit, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a carbon. N\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ee9ng, gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kim d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784899.jpg\" height=\"853\" width=\"1280\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2742\" alt=\"Bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00e0 v\u00edt c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784899.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784899-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784899-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784899-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/> <\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 S\u1eaft-Cacbon th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nung v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung, th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u2013 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>Khi th\u00e9p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1i \u0111a, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nung th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 30-50\u00b0C tr\u00ean A3 (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p) ho\u1eb7c Acm (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon cao), gi\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm trong l\u00f2 nung. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed di chuy\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac perlite v\u00e0 ferrit th\u00f4, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/expert-guide-steel-annealing-process-explained-from-science-to-solutions\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"634\" target=\"_blank\">th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/a> Th\u00e9p. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nung v\u00e0 gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed y\u00ean t\u0129nh. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac perlite m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n sau n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 l\u00f5m, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n martensitic.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng (T\u00f4i nhanh): Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan cacbit v\u00e0o trong ma tr\u1eadn austenit. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh (t\u00f4i nhanh) v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u201ct\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t nhanh n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a perlite ho\u1eb7c bainite. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, austenit bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i qua m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c th\u00e0nh martensite. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1eaft, t\u1ea1o ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a martensite.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn martensitic m\u1edbi t\u00f4i nhanh, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00f4i \u1ee7: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd sau khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n, gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nung l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng A1 (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 150\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 650\u00b0C), gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i, martensite kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t carbide c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ecbn trong m\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn ferrit m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 martensite t\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>B\u1ea3ng 1: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Kho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0110\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1i \u0111a, gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, gia c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Tr\u00ean A3\/Acm<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00f2 nung ch\u1eadm<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Perlite th\u00f4 &amp; S\u1eaft t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">D\u1ec5 k\u00e9o d\u00e3n cao, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Tinh ch\u1ebf h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Tr\u00ean A3\/Acm<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Perlite m\u1ecbn &amp; S\u1eaft t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n &amp; \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Tr\u00ean A3 (Austenit h\u00f3a)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh (n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Martensite<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ef1c cao, gi\u00f2n cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 dai, gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">D\u01b0\u1edbi A1 (150-650\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Martensit \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i<\/h2>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u201cl\u00e0m m\u00e1t nhanh\u201d trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3>Ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/h3>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft th\u00e9p n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o dung m\u00f4i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i (L\u00e0m s\u00f4i m\u00e0ng phim): Ngay khi nh\u00fang v\u00e0o, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u01a1i c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh xung quanh chi ti\u1ebft. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua l\u1edbp h\u01a1i n\u00e0y ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng b radiation. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensite, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 pearlite.<\/li>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i (L\u00e0m s\u00f4i nh\u00e2n nucleate): Khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, l\u1edbp h\u01a1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, s\u00f4i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra, mang theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m s\u00f4i nh\u00e2n nucleate n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i martensitic.<\/li>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (Giao thoa): Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00f4i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, do \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784904.jpg\" height=\"853\" width=\"1280\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2741\" alt=\"M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t kim lo\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784904.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784904-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784904-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784904-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/> <\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt dung m\u00f4i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n<p>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh mong mu\u1ed1n. M\u1ed7i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u01b0\u1edbc\/N\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i: N\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t nhanh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00f4i nh\u00e2n nucleate c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensite, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Th\u00eam mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1i brine l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbp h\u01a1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng nhanh v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea7u: D\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c trong ng\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00f4i nh\u00e2n nucleate \u00edt d\u1eef d\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. Quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensite. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u201cm\u1ec1m\u201d n\u00e0y qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li>Polime: Dung m\u00f4i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean polymer (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean glycol) mang l\u1ea1i \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 polymer trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng polymer \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n tr\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft l\u1eeda v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t l\u1edbn trong quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00ed\/Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim cao c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t cao, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nit\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c argon) trong l\u00f2 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensite trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1eef bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>B\u1ea3ng 2: So s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">Dung m\u00f4i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng)<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \/ R\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">N\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">R\u1ea5t cao<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">L\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nhanh, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t cao nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/carbon-steel-screws\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"635\" target=\"_blank\">th\u00e9p carbon<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Cao<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Nhanh, r\u1ebb, d\u1ec5 c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft l\u1eeda<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t cao<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e9p cacbon \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">D\u1ea7u nhanh<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Trung cao<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t, \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y, c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Th\u00e9p trung b\u00ecnh cacbon v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">D\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">L\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p, nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">H\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4i cao, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">Polymer<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn Cao)<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y, linh ho\u1ea1t<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u01a1i m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">Kh\u00ed (Nit\u01a1)<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00f2 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed cao<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Th\u00e9p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p kim cao, linh ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>X\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf l\u1edbp v\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i martensit \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Austempering: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac bainit ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i austenit h\u00f3a v\u00e0o b\u1ed3n mu\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensit (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 260-400\u00b0C). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi austenit ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh bainit. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac bainit thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9 dai cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng u\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ecbu h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 k\u1eb9p gi\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u00f2 xo. <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/ultimate-guide-to-spring-clip-production-materials-steps-quality-control\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"636\" target=\"_blank\">K\u1eb9p v\u00e0 l\u00f2 xo<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Martempering (Marquenching): \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i austenit h\u00f3a v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00f3ng (mu\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u) gi\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensit. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bainit. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm n\u00e0y, austenit chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh martensit kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1eaft, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh martempering v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n martensitic v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n (l\u1edbp v\u1ecf) tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, dai h\u01a1n (l\u00f5i). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carburizing: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u carbon (kh\u00ed, l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c r\u1eafn). \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 900-950\u00b0C), c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p. Sau th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 mong mu\u1ed1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 0.5-1.5 mm), b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, gi\u1edd c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u carbon, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh v\u00e0 t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec7t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn composite v\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u carbon martensitic v\u00e0 l\u00f5i m\u1ec1m, dai, ch\u1ee9a \u00edt carbon, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, v\u00f2ng bi v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<li>Nitriding: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nit\u01a1 v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nitrides s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi carburizing (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 500-550\u00b0C), th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n A1. M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u1edbn l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nitrides \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i martensitic. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m nitriding l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. L\u1edbp v\u1ecf sau x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ee9ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng &gt;65 HRC) v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>B\u1ea3ng 3: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00f5i<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh?<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u1ecf<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">Carburizing<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n carbon<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Cao (900-950\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">C\u00f3<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">58-64 HRC<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">T\u1ea1o l\u1edbp v\u1ecf s\u00e2u, dai tr\u00ean th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">Nitriding<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nit\u01a1<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Th\u1ea5p (500-550\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">No<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">&gt;65 HRC<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ef1c cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">Gia nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn 260-400\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Kh\u00f4ng (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">40-55 HRC (Bainite)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0110\u1ed9 dai v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">Gia nhi\u1ec7t martensite<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i tr\u1ec5<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i tr\u00ean Ms<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">C\u00f3 (l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">~65 HRC (tr\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">Gia c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Gia nhi\u1ec7t nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o austenit<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Cao (\u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">C\u00f3 (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p)<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">55-65 HRC<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Gia c\u1ee9ng nhanh, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, d\u1ec5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>X\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h2>\n<p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/raw-material-testing-a-comprehensive-guide-to-quality-control-methods-2024\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"630\" target=\"_blank\">ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t<\/a>. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/essential-guide-to-hardness-testing-avoid-costly-material-failures\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"629\" target=\"_blank\">\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n l\u00f5m \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a> kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng. Thang \u0111o \u201cC\u201d (HRC) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2m kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng 150 kg v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2m bi cacbua l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft l\u00f5m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00f4, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>H\u00ecnh dung k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, g\u1eafn trong polyme, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c pha v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa peclit l\u1edbp th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh kim m\u1ecbn c\u1ee7a mactenxit l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m t\u00f4i<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m t\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/ultimate-guide-alloy-steel-screws-material-selection-and-best-practices-2024\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"632\" target=\"_blank\">h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ebd c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Jominy End-Quench l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t thanh h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c austenit h\u00f3a v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tia n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ea7u kia ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a thanh. \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng so v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang h\u1ee3p kim cho m\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784902.jpg\" height=\"853\" width=\"1280\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2740\" alt=\"M\u00e1y m\u00f3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784902.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784902-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784902-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2784902-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/> <\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 pha v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t, th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ferit, peclit, bainit v\u00e0 mactenxit l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/high-strength-bolts-steel-the-secret-force-behind-modern-engineering\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"633\" target=\"_blank\">k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/a>. X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf kh\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong m\u1ecdi h\u1ee3p kim kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol class=\"[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-decimal space-y-1.5 pl-7\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ASM International \u2013 X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t &amp; Luy\u1ec7n kim<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ASTM International \u2013 Ki\u1ec3m tra &amp; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Kim lo\u1ea1i<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.astm.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>SAE Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u &amp; X\u1eed l\u00fd Nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sae.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sae.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, Kim lo\u1ea1i &amp; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (TMS)<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tms.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.tms.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>NIST \u2013 Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ISO \u2013 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.iso.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ASME \u2013 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 C\u01a1 kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.asme.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i X\u1eed l\u00fd Nhi\u1ec7t (Thu\u1ed9c ASM Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf)<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/web\/heat-treating-society\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/web\/heat-treating-society<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Khoa h\u1ecdc &amp; K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2013 ScienceDirect<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>ANSI \u2013 Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ansi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ansi.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Guide to Metal Heat Treatment: How Heat Changes Metal Properties Introduction: Changing How Metals Work Metal heat treatment is an important part of working with metals. It means heating and cooling metals in controlled ways to change how they behave. This isn&#8217;t just about making metal hot and cold &#8211; it&#8217;s about carefully changing [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-speed-rail-track-fasteners"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2739"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2739\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2895,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2739\/revisions\/2895"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2739"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}