{"id":2965,"date":"2025-10-04T14:05:08","date_gmt":"2025-10-04T14:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/"},"modified":"2025-10-04T14:05:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T14:05:08","slug":"advanced-vibration-damping-and-noise-reduction-the-science-of-creating-silence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/advanced-vibration-damping-and-noise-reduction-the-science-of-creating-silence\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ed1ng rung cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n: Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u1ea1o ra S\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khoa H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Im l\u1eb7ng: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1ch Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng C\u00f9ng nhau<\/h2>\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc chu\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh, chi\u1ebfc chu\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u rung l\u1eafc qua l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhanh. S\u1ef1 rung n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh, t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng lan truy\u1ec1n ra ngo\u00e0i. Khi nh\u1eefng s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn tai b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n nghe th\u1ea5y \u00e2m thanh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng: ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 rung l\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng). \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y\u00ean t\u0129nh h\u01a1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 rung l\u1eafc n\u00e0y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n\u2014rung \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u2014ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/h3>\n

H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd. Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n qua l\u1ea1i quanh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao chao \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng trong gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n nhanh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c di chuy\u1ec3n qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tai ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 loa, g\u1eedi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng \u00e2m. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o\u2014t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e0n xe h\u01a1i\u2014c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p rung t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch Ch\u00fang Ta Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 N\u00e0y<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac rung v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nhi\u1ec7t) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai, gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. N\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u00f3ng \u00e2m sau khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1eb7n, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c trung h\u00f2a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n qua h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

\"c\u1eadn<\/a><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u C\u00e1ch Rung \u0110\u1ed9ng Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u2014c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00e2ng cao. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi l\u00f2 xo v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0110\u1eb7c T\u00ednh Quan Tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Rung \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (Hz): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 rung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, \u0111o b\u1eb1ng chu k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 Hz): Th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng treo c\u1ee7a xe \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nghe th\u1ea5y.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung (100 Hz \u2013 1000 Hz): Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe. Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao (h\u01a1n 1000 Hz): Do c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, \u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ea1o ra, th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt ho\u1eb7c x\u00ec.<\/li>\n
  • Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 (m, mm): Cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Gi\u1ea3m bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m rung.<\/li>\n
  • Rung c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c so v\u1edbi rung t\u1ef1 do: M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i rung t\u1ef1 do rung do m\u1ed9t c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea9y ban \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i rung c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, khi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 rung l\u1eafc k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn rung c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00dd Ni\u1ec7m C\u1ed1t Y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng H\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h3>\n

    Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (\u03c9n): M\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd rung n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m l\u00f2 xo v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 xo.<\/li>\n
    • Resonance: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, khi\u1ebfn rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ca s\u0129 l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 ly r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

      Gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong khi c\u00e1ch ly c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00e1ch ngu\u1ed3n rung kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng rung trong ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n bi\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng \u00edt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n<\/h3>\n

      V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. Khi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n g\u00e2y ra ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n cong, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 qua h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn rung \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

      Viscoelasticity: Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u viscoelastic. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1eb7c, v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn. Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u viscoelastic (VEM) b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i khi l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t do ma s\u00e1t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed\u2014\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua v\u00f2ng hysteresis. Khi v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o s\u1ebd v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng duy nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u viscoelastic v\u1ebd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng hysteresis n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Hai ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t (\u03b7 ho\u1eb7c tan \u03b4): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3. M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
      • Modul l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (E\u2019) & Modun m\u1ea5t (E\u201d): C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Modul l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (E\u2019) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 xo, trong khi modul m\u1ea5t (E\u201d) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1edbt, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y: \u03b7 = E\u201d \/ E\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbn v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh; n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho khoang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c cho ngu\u1ed3n rung kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (\u03b7)<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Cao su)<\/td>\nMa s\u00e1t chu\u1ed7i polymer<\/td>\n0.1 – 0.5<\/td>\nR\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/td>\nGi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch ly, bushing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Polymer \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i visco (VEMs)<\/td>\nN\u00e9n c\u1eaft, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c<\/td>\n0.5 – 2.0+<\/td>\nH\u1eb9p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/td>\nDamping l\u1edbp b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (CLD), t\u1ea5m panel h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        X\u1ed1p (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1edf\/\u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn)<\/td>\nB\u01a1m kh\u00ed, ma s\u00e1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\n0.05 – 0.2<\/td>\nR\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nH\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e2m thanh, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, gh\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Keo d\u00e1n & \u0111\u1ec7m asphalt<\/td>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, ma s\u00e1t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/td>\n0.05 – 0.3<\/td>\nR\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nT\u1ea5m s\u00e0n \u00f4 t\u00f4, t\u1ea5m panel thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng (gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n

        Trong khi gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u00e2m thanh sau khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. Gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c ch\u1eb7n, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch ly \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

        \"m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

        Ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i<\/h3>\n

        Danh m\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00e2m thanh truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch ngu\u1ed3n kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • C\u00e1ch \u00e2m\/ch\u1eafn \u00e2m: Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1eb7ng, r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 theo Lu\u1eadt Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, m\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 6 dB. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p, t\u1ea5m ch\u00ec, vinyl t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng (MLV) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1eafn \u00e2m thanh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc quanh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u1ed3n \u00e0o.<\/li>\n
        • C\u00e1ch ly rung \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac truy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1eadt rung kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 linh ho\u1ea1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch ly. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00f2 xo th\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ec7m cao su ho\u1eb7c l\u00f2 xo kh\u00ed. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch ly l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t \u00edt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean l\u00f2 xo ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebf cao su.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

          Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thay v\u00ec rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e2m thanh: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9, x\u1ed1p \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 foam \u00e2m thanh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5 ong m\u1edf, s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 len kho\u00e1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i nhau. Khi s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ma s\u00e1t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng vang trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7n \u00e2m thanh truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
          • Damping c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t rung hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng nhau<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda th\u00e9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1eafn \u00e2m thanh k\u00e9m v\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh sang ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9\u201d (coincidence dip). Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n viscoelastic l\u00ean c\u1eeda, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. C\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng rung n\u1eefa, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eb7n \u00e2m thanh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c STC). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>\n

            So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n

            Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u00f4ng minh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

            H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

            H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n cao su trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng treo c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (nh\u01b0 viscoelastic) ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
            • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
            • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n rung ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (AVC)<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n-mechanical ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn (nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn gia t\u1ed1c) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ebfng piezoelectric) t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 pha ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9\u201d (anti-vibration) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
              • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: R\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
              • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u01b0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh quang h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n trong cabin m\u00e1y bay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n b\u00e1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

                H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lai h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4ng minh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng magnetorheological (MR). Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng MR ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u1eaft nh\u1ecf ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong d\u1ea7u. Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qua cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng sang d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n r\u1eafn trong v\u00e0i mili gi\u00e2y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
                • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
                • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng B\u00e1n Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/td>\nThu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc)<\/td>\nThu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1edf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng MR)<\/td>\nT\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng qua b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Nhu c\u1ea7u N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p (cho c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn\/ van)<\/td>\nCao (cho b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Chi ph\u00ed<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/td>\nT\u1ed1t (trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh)<\/td>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc (th\u00edch \u1ee9ng)<\/td>\nV\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i (h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng T\u1ed1t Nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\nRung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb HVAC)<\/td>\nT\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u1ea3m x\u00f3c xe, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t)<\/td>\nD\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, cabin m\u00e1y bay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a K\u1ef9 s\u01b0: M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eafn cho k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng hai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac.<\/p>\n