{"id":3090,"date":"2026-02-14T09:03:24","date_gmt":"2026-02-14T09:03:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/"},"modified":"2026-02-14T09:07:05","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T09:07:05","slug":"bolt-nut-and","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/bolt-nut-and\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 V\u00edt: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m 2026 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng fastener \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"
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M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n? M\u1ed9t \u1ed1c v\u00edt $0.50 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo theo th\u1eddi gian, g\u00e2y ra $50.000 trong th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng m\u00e1y v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm. Theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ng\u00e0nh, h\u01a1n 90% c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0<\/a> l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra h\u01a1n 150 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. M\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung l\u00e0: nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng: hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0<\/a> m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ren ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u2014v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

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Ch\u1ed1t, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c?<\/h2>\n
\"S\u1ea3n
S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u00e3y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 ren\u2014\u0111inh t\u00e1n, v\u00edt, bu l\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7m washer<\/strong> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ANSI\/ASME B18.2.1, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i sai l\u1ec7ch quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng \u2013 \u1ed0c v\u00edt ren ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/h2>\n

A bu l\u00f4ng<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt ren ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh? L\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng.<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ren m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (ph\u1ea7n tr\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u) n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng k\u1eb9p, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ren m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c (lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n), bu l\u00f4ng m\u00f3c (v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 vu\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n quay trong g\u1ed7), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eaft d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng: bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng qua l\u1ed7 n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t \u2013 B\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p<\/h2>\n

A \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 ren trong, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn quay th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p tr\u1ee5c khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00edt v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng. Trong khi m\u1ed9t \u0111ai \u1ed1c h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/a> c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\u2014chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u1edd l\u00ea c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn pound l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p gi\u1eef cho b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1eafp r\u00e1p g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111ai \u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t \u0111ai \u1ed1c h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng cao? D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1ecfng trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i gi\u1edd. M\u1ed9t \u0111ai \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a c\u00f3 ch\u00e8n nylon trong c\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng? Gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t qua h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn chu k\u1ef3 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n sau, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 50% \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m \u2013 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p<\/h2>\n

A m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u0129a, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ecfng. B\u1ecf qua mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh nh\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n

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  1. \n

    Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng<\/strong> - \u0110\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111ai \u1ed1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c l\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nh\u1ecf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m (nh\u00f4m, composite, g\u1ed7), b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n\u1ec1n, m\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong> - Quay \u0111ai \u1ed1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ebft tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t. M\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m quay so v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ecfng<\/strong> - Mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng (kh\u00f3a chia) ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (kh\u00f3a r\u0103ng c\u01b0a) ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 quay do rung \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m ph\u1eb3ng<\/strong> (ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng), \u0111\u0129a \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a<\/strong> (ch\u1ed1ng quay), v\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong> (Belleville \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m fender cho di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m).<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao \u201cT\u01b0 duy H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d l\u1ea1i Quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i: vi\u1ec7c xem c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 washer nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y ra 60% c\u00e1c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t d\u00f2ng l\u1ef1c. Khi b\u1ea1n si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0o bu l\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bu l\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo. S\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng\u2014l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ef1c n\u00e9n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c bu l\u00f4ng, gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Washer ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111ai \u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ecfng b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng washers c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u00e9n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Trong v\u00f2ng hai tu\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bu l\u00f4ng \u1ed5n; washers b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111ai \u1ed1c b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Chi ph\u00ed ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng? $23.000. Chi ph\u00ed cho washers m\u1edbi? $47.<\/p>\n

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    Khoa h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bu l\u00f4ng, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 washer<\/h2>\n
    \"S\u1ea3n
    S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7m washer<\/strong> b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\u2014\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1eebng lo l\u1eafng; ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vi ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    L\u1ef1c n\u00e9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 L\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p \u2013 Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n

    Khi b\u1ea1n si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0o bu l\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng bu l\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y xem bu l\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo c\u1ee9ng. Khi b\u1ea1n si\u1ebft \u0111ai \u1ed1c, bu l\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 0.001-0.005 inch cho c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn). S\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>\u2014l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong bu l\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    L\u1ef1c n\u00e9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p<\/strong>\u2014l\u1ef1c \u00e9p vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c bu l\u00f4ng, gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. L\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh) c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m l\u1ecfng m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i. Khi l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng M10 Lo\u1ea1i 8.8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang l\u1ef1c 55 Nm t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng 24.000 N (5.400 lbf) l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p. Si\u1ebft nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi 30 Nm? B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 13.000 N\u2014g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1ecfng trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

    Si\u1ebft qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng plastically c\u00e1c ren. Bu l\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u1ed5n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a \u201cl\u00f2 xo\u201d. L\u1ef1c t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean? Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m 50 \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7m washer<\/strong> c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1edd l\u00ea l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111o bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: V\u1eb7n tay d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 40-60%<\/strong>. \u201cV\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eb7t\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao V\u1ecb tr\u00ed Washer Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 Thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: \u0111\u1eb7t washer d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng quay. Sai r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

    Washer ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n quay<\/strong>- th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1eb7n. T\u1ea1i sao? Ma s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

    Khi b\u1ea1n si\u1ebft \u0111ai \u1ed1c, n\u00f3 quay ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 washer, s\u1ef1 quay \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, g\u00e2y ra:<\/p>\n