{"id":3192,"date":"2026-02-19T09:26:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T09:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/?p=3192"},"modified":"2026-02-19T09:27:03","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T09:27:03","slug":"stainless-steel-bolts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/stainless-steel-bolts\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u1ed0c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec (V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng)?<\/h2>\n

\"\u1ed0c<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u1ed1c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ren, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: the c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u1ed1c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i 304 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i 316 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau khi \u0111\u1eb7t trong h\u1ed9p ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1eb7t ch\u00fang c\u1ea3 hai trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ven bi\u1ec3n trong hai n\u0103m, v\u00e0 \u1ed1c 304 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ebft r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t trong khi \u1ed1c 316 v\u1eabn s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o molybdenum 2\u20133.% \u2014 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng in tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1c trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

\u1ed0c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 10.5% crom theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Crom t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2014 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, oxy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ed1c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng.jinruibolts<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh (V\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i)<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ed1c v\u00edt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:railroadfasteners<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\nKi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eb7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eef H<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u00e1u c\u1ea1nh<\/td>\nC\u1edd l\u00ea \/ m\u1ecf l\u1ebft<\/td>\nK\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u1eb7ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1ed0c v\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nD\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 Allen \/ driver h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1ed0c v\u00edt xe ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m, vai vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng n\u00fat b\u1ea5m<\/td>\nG\u1ed7 sang kim lo\u1ea1i, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, s\u00e0n decking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00edt c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, ren th\u00f4<\/td>\nC\u1edd l\u00ea v\u00e0o g\u1ed7<\/td>\nS\u00e0n g\u1ed7 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, khung g\u1ed7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1ed0c v\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00fat<\/strong><\/td>\nCh\u00f3p th\u1ea5p<\/td>\nC\u1edd l\u00ea Allen<\/td>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
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Bu l\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/strong> chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong mua s\u1eafm c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng: s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u00edch c\u1ee1. Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, bu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.[haina fastener<\/a>]\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ed0c v\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee5p l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khi kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e2m t\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong l\u1eafp r\u00e1p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u2014 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau ch\u00f9i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.[fixabolt.co<\/a>]\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ed0c v\u00edt h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: ch\u00fang ch\u1ed1ng quay trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n vai vu\u00f4ng k\u1eb9p v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft v\u00edt m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ea7m g\u1ed7 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

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Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: 304 so v\u1edbi 316 so v\u1edbi A4-80<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cho bu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean hai tuy\u1ebfn song song: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ASTM<\/strong> (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ISO\/DIN<\/strong> (chu\u1ea9n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a). Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nhau \u2014 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecd h\u1ee3p kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ASTM v\u00e0 ISO<\/h2>\n
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X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ISO\/DIN<\/th>\nH\u1ee3p kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
A2-70<\/strong><\/td>\n304 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/td>\n700 MPa<\/td>\nT\u1ed1t \u2014 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung<\/td>\nX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chung, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng trong nh\u00e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A2-80<\/strong><\/td>\n304 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng gia c\u00f4ng)<\/td>\n800 MPa<\/td>\nT\u1ed1t<\/td>\nT\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao h\u01a1n trong nh\u00e0 \/ s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A4-70<\/strong><\/td>\n316 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/td>\n700 MPa<\/td>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u2014 ch\u1ed1ng chloride<\/td>\nH\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A4-80<\/strong><\/td>\n316 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng gia c\u00f4ng)<\/td>\n800 MPa<\/td>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>\n\u1ed0ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
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\"\u1ed0c<\/p>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/strong> (C\u1ea5p A2) l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a 18% cr\u00f4m v\u00e0 8% niken, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.[vihasteel<\/a>]\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/strong> (C\u1ea5p A4) b\u1ed5 sung 2\u20133% molypden v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. S\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n do chloride g\u00e2y ra \u2014 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecfng ch\u00ednh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda clo. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t km c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, th\u00ec 316 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.[jinruibolts<\/a>]\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh A4-80<\/strong> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 800 MPa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ASME Section VIII c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u2014 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.asmedigitalcollection.asme<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u201cbu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean k\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 A2-70. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c an to\u00e0n, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh c\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.