{"id":3618,"date":"2026-05-03T15:06:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-03T15:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/locking-nuts\/"},"modified":"2026-05-03T15:07:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-03T15:07:18","slug":"locking-nuts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/locking-nuts\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0c Kh\u00f3a: H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i, L\u1ef1a Ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 L\u1eafp \u0110\u1eb7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u1ed0c v\u00edt kh\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2014 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m ma s\u00e1t, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3a b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ren an to\u00e0n, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ed1c hex ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng ra.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng th\u00e1o l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1c hex \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1ecfng ra sau v\u00e0i tr\u0103m gi\u1edd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2014 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eef cho \u1ed1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u1ed0c kh\u00f3a lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\"H\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

\n

\u1ed0c kh\u00f3a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

\u1ed0c kh\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a c\u00f3 ren \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ecfng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ed1c hex ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ren gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ed5 sung \u2014 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m nylon, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ren b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1c jam ph\u1ee5 \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u1ed0c kh\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c \u1ed1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t\u201d t\u1ea1i giao di\u1ec7n ren. Khi c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c bul\u00f4ng (nh\u01b0 trong kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay), c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. M\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 cho ph\u00e9p \u1ed1c quay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9. Qua h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn chu k\u1ef3, \u1ed1c s\u1ebd l\u1ecfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u2014 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed Gerhard Junker nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ecfng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i bul\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ISO 16130<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u1ed0c kh\u00f3a ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y theo m\u1ed9t trong ba c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kh\u00f3a ma s\u00e1t<\/strong> \u2014 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m (nylon ho\u1eb7c cao su \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i) ho\u1eb7c ren b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf quay c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1ecfng ra.<\/li>\n
  2. Kh\u00f3a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong> \u2014 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd (ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea5y, d\u00e2y kh\u00f3a, m\u00f3c) ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c quay sau khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n
  3. Kh\u00f3a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong> \u2014 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3a ren (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t) li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ren gh\u00e9p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a?<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c \u1ed1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1ea3i t\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e1o l\u1eafp. Khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y x\u1ea3y ra, \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\nR\u1ee7i ro khi kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a<\/th>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Rung li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c)<\/td>\nL\u1ecfng t\u1ef1 do trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i gi\u1edd<\/td>\n\u1ed0c h\u00e3m m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e8n nylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i)<\/td>\nM\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m l\u1ecfng m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n\u1ed0c h\u00e3m m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    L\u1eafp r\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n (\u00f4 t\u00f4, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng)<\/td>\nH\u1ecfng m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c<\/td>\n\u1ed0c h\u00e3m ki\u1ec3u l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i + ch\u1ed1t c\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e1o l\u1eafp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/td>\nM\u1ea5t m\u00f4-men sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i<\/td>\nCh\u00e8n nylon (h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng va \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh cao<\/td>\nL\u1ecfng do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb<\/td>\nK\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1ed1c h\u00e3m kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c h\u00e3m<\/h2>\n

    Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ed1c h\u00e3m bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cm\u1ed9t \u1ed1c h\u00e3m\u201d.<\/p>\n

    \u1ed0c h\u00e3m ch\u00e8n nylon (Nyloc \/ DIN 985)<\/h3>\n

    \u1ed0c h\u00e3m ch\u00e8n nylon \u2014 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Nyloc, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n theo DIN 985 v\u00e0 ISO 7042 \u2014 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c h\u00e3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chung. M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng nylon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0o ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ren c\u1ee7a bu-l\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

    Khi \u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng bu-l\u00f4ng, nylon bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng quanh c\u00e1c ren, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ch\u00e8n nylon kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ren c\u1eaft s\u1eb5n \u2014 n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 c\u1eaft ren c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 khi \u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> \u221240\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn +120\u00b0C. Tr\u00ean 120\u00b0C, nylon m\u1ec1m \u0111i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> T\u1ed1i \u0111a 3\u20135 l\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nylon. Theo d\u00f5i chu k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh:<\/strong> Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e9t (M3\u2013M36) v\u00e0 theo h\u1ec7 imperial, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f3a \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ISO theo Wikipedia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n (theo c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p AS9100), v\u00e0 nylon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao.<\/p>\n

    \u0110ai \u1ed1c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t to\u00e0n kim lo\u1ea1i (DIN 980 \/ ISO 7042)<\/h3>\n

    Khi \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 ch\u00e8n nylon \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111ai \u1ed1c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t to\u00e0n kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ren b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai v\u00f2ng ren tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng), t\u1ea1o ra ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e8n phi kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:
    \n– \u0110ai \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a h\u00ecnh oval<\/strong> \u2014 \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh oval, l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng hai v\u00f2ng ren cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng
    \n– \u0110ai \u1ed1c r\u00e3nh\/l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo<\/strong> \u2014 c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh v\u00f2ng quanh cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean u\u1ed1n cong v\u00e0o trong ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng
    \n– \u0110ai \u1ed1c c\u1ee9ng (r\u1eafn)<\/strong> \u2014 v\u00f2ng k\u1eb9p chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p theo chi\u1ec1u k\u00ednh<\/p>\n

    \u0110ai \u1ed1c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t to\u00e0n kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho:
    \n– Khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/strong> n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150\u00b0C
    \n\u2014 C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 gh\u00e9p h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i
    \n\u2013 B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00ed outgassing t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch)<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n \u2014 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 gi\u1eef m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 300\u00b0C; c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p carbon \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 250\u00b0C tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n. Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn gi\u1eef (m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn l\u00f9i n\u00ean \u2265 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ghi trong datasheet c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng) khi t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    N\u00fat th\u1eaft Castle v\u00e0 Pin c\u00e0i (DIN 935)<\/h3>\n

    N\u00fat th\u1eaft castle (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00fat th\u1eaft castellated ho\u1eb7c n\u00fat th\u1eaft l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 khe) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng pin c\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n \u0111i qua c\u00e1c khe th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 khoan tr\u00ean th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng. Khi pin ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong, n\u00fat kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xoay theo chi\u1ec1u th\u00e1o ra.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f3a d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong> \u2014 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ma s\u00e1t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u00fat th\u1eaft castle tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong:
    \n– C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00e1nh xe<\/strong> tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng
    \n– Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e1i<\/strong> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 phanh
    \n\u2013 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay (n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn)
    \n– \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/strong> n\u01a1i \u0103n m\u00f2n, mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f3a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ma s\u00e1t tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: bu l\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoan \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn pin c\u00e0i, v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khe c\u1ee7a n\u00fat khi si\u1ebft \u1edf m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh n\u00fat; pin c\u00e0i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n th\u00e1o l\u1eafp.<\/p>\n

    N\u00fat ch\u1eb7n (Half Nuts \/ DIN 439)<\/h3>\n

    N\u00fat ch\u1eb7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u00fat m\u1ecfng (th\u01b0\u1eddng cao kho\u1ea3ng 40\u201350% chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u00fat l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u00fat l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. Hai n\u00fat n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nhau v\u00e0 v\u00e0o kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i \u2014 n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i trong khi n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n xoay v\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch (n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7y sau, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a c\u1eb7p), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai c\u00e1ch (n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u01b0\u1edbc), kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i s\u1ebd l\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

    \u1ed0c jam l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0u ti\u00ean khi:
    \n\u2013 T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ed7 khoan xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea5y
    \n\u2013 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao
    \n\u2013 B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb kho ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

    L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 hai \u1ed1c hex gi\u1ed1ng nhau ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u1ed1c jam. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady \u2014 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u1ecfng ra d\u01b0\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch chi\u1ec1u cao gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    \u1ed0c kh\u00f3a m\u1eb7t b\u00edch (DIN 6923 v\u1edbi r\u0103ng c\u01b0a)<\/h3>\n

    \u1ed0c kh\u00f3a m\u1eb7t b\u00edch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t \u1ed1c hex ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u00edch ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 r\u0103ng c\u01b0a t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c r\u0103ng c\u01b0a \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft g\u00f3c 60\u00b0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u2014 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i khi si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u1ed1c, cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng quay c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

    \u1ed0c kh\u00f3a m\u1eb7t b\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:
    \n\u2013 B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do c\u1ea1nh \u1ed1c hex ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00fac nh\u00f4m)
    \n\u2013 B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m ri\u00eang kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p
    \n\u2013 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng cao v\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf truy c\u1eadp ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a<\/p>\n

    H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u0169ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng ch\u00e8n nylon, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hai t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (A2-70, A4-80) c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

    \"\u0111ai<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Ch\u00e8n Nylon (DIN 985)<\/td>\nCh\u00e8n ma s\u00e1t<\/td>\n120\u00b0C<\/td>\n3\u20135\u00d7<\/td>\nS\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chung, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    L\u1ef1c si\u1ebft to\u00e0n kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\nRen bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n250\u2013300\u00b0C<\/td>\n1\u20132\u00d7<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0110ai \u1ed1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i + ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea5y<\/td>\nKh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n\u1ed0c: kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n; ch\u1ed1t: d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/td>\nAn to\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1n b\u00e1nh xe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u1ed0c kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7n<\/td>\nM\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao, kho h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u1ed0c kh\u00f3a m\u1eb7t b\u00edch<\/td>\nB\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1n r\u0103ng c\u01b0a<\/td>\n120\u00b0C (v\u1edbi nylon)<\/td>\n3\u20135\u00d7<\/td>\nT\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u00f4m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec7m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

    \u1ed0c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i bu l\u00f4ng \u2014 nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng theo ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    \u00d4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n

    Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n