{"id":3698,"date":"2026-05-09T14:09:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T14:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/through-bolts\/"},"modified":"2026-05-09T14:10:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T14:10:17","slug":"through-bolts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/through-bolts\/","title":{"rendered":"Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"direct-answer\"><strong>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111i xuy\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m \u2014 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng neo ho\u1eb7c v\u00edt ch\u1ec9 c\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u, nh\u00e0 kho khung th\u00e9p, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7m g\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111ang \u00e2m th\u1ea7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1eaft, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t chu k\u1ef3, bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1t duy nh\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9: b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng neo v\u00e0 v\u00edt lag, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u1ea3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean n\u00e0o \u2014 v\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/01-hero-7.png\" alt=\"\u1ed1c xuy\u00ean \u2014 h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda anh h\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1ea7m th\u00e9p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u1edbi \u1ed1c xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t li\u00ean k\u1ebft xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t: th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng \u0111i xuy\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qua l\u1ed7 khoan s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eb7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00f4 ra.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/ultimate-guide-clamping-force-test-methods-for-engineering-success\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"960\">l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i. So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u00edt lag, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o ra c\u1ee7a ren trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng<\/strong> \u2014 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ren ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n ren \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/cylindrical-head-bolts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"961\">\u0110\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng<\/a><\/strong> \u2014 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ecm; truy\u1ec1n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 l\u00ean m\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m (m\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n)<\/strong> \u2014 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p, ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qua, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m (m\u1eb7t xa)<\/strong> \u2014 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110ai \u1ed1c<\/strong> \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eb7n v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng nh\u00f4 ra v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/essential-guide-to-fastener-installation-why-clamp-load-beats-torque-every-time\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"958\">si\u1ebft m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p tu\u00e2n theo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aisc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u1ed5 tay K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Th\u00e9p AISC<\/a>, bu l\u00f4ng, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 theo ASTM F3125 \u2014 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n si\u1ebft l\u1ef1c m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng theo l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng. L\u1ef1c c\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p \u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ma s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng: m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu tr\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 si\u1ebft v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9, si\u1ebft v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea7n si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aisc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u1ea3ng J3.1 c\u1ee7a AISC<\/a> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>C\u1ea5p bu l\u00f4ng<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>L\u1ef1c si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc (bu l\u00f4ng 3\/4\u2033)<\/th>\n<th>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>ASTM A307<\/td>\n<td>60 ksi<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (ch\u1ec9 si\u1ebft v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i)<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ASTM F3125 Gr. A325<\/td>\n<td>120 ksi<\/td>\n<td>28 kips<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ASTM F3125 Gr. A490<\/td>\n<td>150 ksi<\/td>\n<td>35 kips<\/td>\n<td>K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 SAE 8<\/td>\n<td>150 ksi<\/td>\n<td>thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y m\u00f3c, \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean<\/h2>\n<p><strong>C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh: bu l\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, bu l\u00f4ng carriage, bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1eef U v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng m\u00e1y \u2014 m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn sai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/ultimate-guide-stainless-steel-bar-selection-prevent-costly-mistakes-failures\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"962\">costly mistake<\/a>. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/02-types-4.png\" alt=\"Bu l\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n, bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1eef U v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi DingLong, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00e0 v\u00edt c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p uy t\u00edn.\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>1. Bu l\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c xuy\u00ean<\/h3>\n<p>Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng c\u1edd l\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 si\u1ebft, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ren to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111i qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ren th\u00f4 (UNC\/ISO) v\u00e0 m\u1ecbn (UNF). <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/thread-pitch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"955\">b\u01b0\u1edbc ren<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00e9p v\u1edbi th\u00e9p, th\u00e9p v\u1edbi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1), k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, khung m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p A325 (120 ksi) hay A490 (150 ksi) cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng A307 trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2014 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Bu l\u00f4ng carriage xuy\u00ean<\/h3>\n<p>Bu l\u00f4ng carriage c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 vu\u00f4ng ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi \u0111\u00f3ng qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7, c\u1ed5 vu\u00f4ng \u0103n v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a bu l\u00f4ng theo chi\u1ec1u xoay \u2014 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u1edd l\u00ea \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111ai \u1ed1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<p><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i khung g\u1ed7, s\u00e0n g\u1ed7, c\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 g\u1ed7 v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ed7. V\u1edbi g\u1ed7 c\u1ee9ng, c\u1ed5 vu\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ee9t th\u1edb n\u1ebfu \u00e9p m\u1ea1nh; \u0111\u00f4i khi d\u00f9ng long \u0111en vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c nh\u1eb9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd gi\u00fap.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1eef U<\/h3>\n<p>Bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1eef U kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn khi nghe \u201cbu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean\u201d, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2014 c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 ren \u0111i qua b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, v\u00e0 hai \u0111ai \u1ed1c k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee5m. Ph\u1ea7n cong \u00f4m l\u1ea5y \u1ed1ng, thanh ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong> Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 treo \u1ed1ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, m\u00f3c k\u00e9o xe, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n k\u1eb9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong (ID) ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i danh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c thanh trong ph\u1ea1m vi cho ph\u00e9p. N\u1ebfu nh\u1ecf qu\u00e1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t; l\u1edbn qu\u00e1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t khi rung.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Bu l\u00f4ng m\u00e1y \/ Bu l\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n<p>Bu l\u00f4ng m\u00e1y l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho bu l\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ASTM F3125 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Ng\u00e0y nay, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bu l\u00f4ng l\u1eafp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0o trong l\u1ed7 khoan ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng: trong k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ren) ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c l\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1eafp l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1ecbu c\u1eaft l\u1edbn trong c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ray c\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<th>Ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u<\/th>\n<th>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/th>\n<th>Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Bu l\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c xuy\u00ean<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 si\u1ebft hai \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e9p, inox, h\u1ee3p kim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bu l\u00f4ng xe<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n, c\u1ed5 vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ef1 kh\u00f3a trong g\u1ed7<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e9p, m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bu l\u00f4ng U<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e2n cong<\/td>\n<td>K\u1eb9p c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e9p cacbon, inox, m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bu l\u00f4ng m\u00e1y\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim (A325\/A490)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi, ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 khung th\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u2014 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ASTM A325 ho\u1eb7c A490 \u2014 t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1ea7m-c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 d\u1ea7m-d\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00f4 men v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ea3n c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n AISC LRFD ho\u1eb7c ASD, v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bu l\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft, l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ee3 l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng s\u1ebd l\u1eafp bu l\u00f4ng si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1ng khung th\u00e9p, sau \u0111\u00f3 si\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xoay \u0111ai \u1ed1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1\/2 v\u00f2ng sau khi si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng A325 3\/4\u2033) khi khung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n ch\u1ec9nh. B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<h3>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n<p>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3u xe ng\u1ef1a l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u khung g\u1ed7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (CLT v\u00e0 glulam). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aitc-glulam.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vi\u1ec7n X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng G\u1ed7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (AITC)<\/a> C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c bu l\u00f4ng cho g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf, th\u00f4ng v\u00e0ng mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng xe ng\u1ef1a 3\/4\u2033 xuy\u00ean qua hai l\u1edbp g\u1ed7 2\u00d710 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf (tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang 0,5) \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 1.200\u20131.500 lb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i bu l\u00f4ng \u2014 lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng NDS \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean trong g\u1ed7 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 si\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/kh\u00f4 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean n\u01a1i g\u1ed7 co l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea7u \u2014 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u d\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u gi\u00e0n th\u00e9p c\u0169 \u2014 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng \u0111inh t\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111inh t\u00e1n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ASTM A325 ho\u1eb7c A490) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thay th\u1ebf \u0111inh t\u00e1n trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. M\u1ed7i l\u1ed7 \u0111inh t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoan ho\u1eb7c doa r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba v\u1edbi th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Vi\u1ec7t Nam (AREMA) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray t\u00e0u cao t\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1eb9p ray, b\u1ea3n n\u1ed1i ray v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0o t\u00e0 v\u1eb9t. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn (b\u1eb1ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c t\u1ef1 h\u00e3m ho\u1eb7c long \u0111en kh\u00f3a) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch \u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p k\u00edn gio\u0103ng gi\u1eefa hai m\u1eb7t b\u00edch theo \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. ASME B16.5 v\u00e0 ASME PCC-1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb si\u1ebft bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u2014 si\u1ebft ch\u00e9o theo h\u00ecnh sao gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1eb7t b\u00edch si\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 bu l\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp (kh\u00f4ng theo h\u00ecnh sao) b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb si\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>Bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1eef U xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u1ed1ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ngang v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p. Bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1eef U qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u1ed1ng di chuy\u1ec3n khi gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, g\u00e2y m\u1ecfi ren bu l\u00f4ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ecdn bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 sau: c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i) \u2192 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n) \u2192 lo\u1ea1i (h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i) \u2192 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i k\u1eb9p).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng A490 1\/2\u2033 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n bu l\u00f4ng A307 3\/4\u2033. Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 bu l\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>Chia cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ra t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i bu l\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u03c6 c\u1ee7a AISC LRFD (\u03c6 = 0,75 cho k\u00e9o, 0,65 cho c\u1eaft v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u00e9p) ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n ASD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean A325 1\/2\u2033 ch\u1ecbu c\u1eaft \u0111\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 9,3 kips (LRFD). M\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng A325 3\/4\u2033 ch\u1ecbu c\u1eaft \u0111\u01a1n: kho\u1ea3ng 21 kips.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/th>\n<th>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ec1 Xu\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Trong nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e9p cacbon th\u01b0\u1eddng (A325\/A307)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ven bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<td>316 <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/stainless-steel-bolts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"959\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u1ed7 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e1p l\u1ef1c<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c inox 316 (x\u1eed l\u00fd ACQ l\u00e0m \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<td>Inox 316L ho\u1eb7c Hastelloy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (&gt;800\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ho\u1eb7c Inconel; tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p cacbon th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa g\u1ed7 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm (m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n) th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.awpa.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Theo Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 G\u1ed7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (AWPA)<\/a>, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ACQ v\u00e0 CA hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebdm m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CCA c\u0169. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng (l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ASTM A153, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 1,7 oz\/ft\u00b2) ho\u1eb7c inox khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u2192 bu l\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u1edf ph\u00eda xa \u2192 bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n<\/li>\n<li>K\u1eb9p m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00f2n (\u1ed1ng, thanh, que) \u2192 bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1eef U<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu c\u1eaft l\u1edbn \u2192 bu l\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u theo ASTM F3125<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00fang<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh bu l\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1,5\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m m\u00e0 n\u00f3 k\u1eb9p. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i k\u1eb9p (kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eb7n \u0111ai \u1ed1c) ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u00b11 b\u01b0\u1edbc ren \u2014 ren n\u1eb1m trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1eaft s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/03-howto-6.png\" alt=\"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1edd l\u00ea l\u1ef1c Snap-on \u0111\u1ec3 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00edt v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean: C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p><strong>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ed7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 si\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 \u2014 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u2014 x\u00e1c minh l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00e1y khoan \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y khoan t\u1eeb v\u1edbi m\u0169i khoan cobalt ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u01b0a l\u1ed7 h\u1ee3p kim (d\u00f9ng cho th\u00e9p)<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y si\u1ebft bu l\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1edd l\u00ea l\u1ef1c (\u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n)<\/li>\n<li>V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee9ng (c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean)<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t (d\u00f9ng cho inox v\u1edbi inox \u2014 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00ednh ren)<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc (v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m DTI ho\u1eb7c bu l\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Khoan l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng 1\/16\u2033 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn 1\u2033. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 c\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 r\u00e3nh ng\u1eafn, ki\u1ec3m tra B\u1ea3ng J3.3 c\u1ee7a AISC \u2014 l\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 c\u1ee1 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp g\u1ec9 c\u00e1n, s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u1ebfu li\u00ean k\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. L\u1edbp g\u1ec9 c\u00e1n s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i A cho h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t \u03bc = 0,35. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u01a1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u2014 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i B (k\u1ebdm phun n\u00f3ng) cho \u03bc = 0,50.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eafp r\u00e1p theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong> bu l\u00f4ng \u2192 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m (b\u00ean g\u1ea7n) \u2192 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2192 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m (b\u00ean xa) \u2192 \u0111ai \u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi A325 v\u00e0 A490, \u0111ai \u1ed1c l\u1eafp \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 bu l\u00f4ng trong m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1edd l\u00ea th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2014 kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201320% m\u00f4 men xo\u1eafn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u A325 ho\u1eb7c A490, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xoay \u0111ai \u1ed1c:<\/strong> Si\u1ebft v\u1eeba, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 xoay \u0111ai \u1ed1c theo s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 1\/3 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 v\u00f2ng t\u00f9y theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y k\u1eb9p).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bu l\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng (TC):<\/strong> Si\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t \u2014 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m DTI (ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp):<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u1edd n\u1ed5i b\u1ecb \u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng \u1edf l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u; ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, AISC y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 bu l\u00f4ng trong nh\u00f3m theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 sau khi bu l\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e3n nh\u1eb9 khi c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00f4i keo kh\u00f3a ren ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/lock-nut\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"956\">\u0111ai \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a<\/a> trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/strong> \u0110ai \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a nylon (prevailing-torque) ho\u1eb7c \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u00f3 r\u0103ng c\u01b0a c\u1ea5p SAE 8 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1t c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean so v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng neo:<\/strong> Bu l\u00f4ng neo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0o b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 khoan v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, keo d\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ng trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qua v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft bu l\u00f4ng neo l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoan xuy\u00ean qua (t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng), bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n bu l\u00f4ng neo n\u00eam.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean so v\u1edbi v\u00edt lag:<\/strong> V\u00edt lag t\u1ef1 c\u1eaft ren v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ng r\u00fat ren trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean k\u1eb9p c\u1ea3 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng Douglas cho th\u1ea5y bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean 3\/4\u2033 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m g\u1ed7 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 40\u201360% kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1eaft tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ch\u1ed1t cao h\u01a1n v\u00edt lag 3\/4\u2033 c\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u2014 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 xoay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean so v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng carriage:<\/strong> Bu l\u00f4ng carriage l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 kh\u00f3a trong g\u1ed7. Khi n\u00f3i \u201cbu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung trong b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indfast.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ed1t K\u1ebft C\u1ea5u<\/a>, bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 68% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed1t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung th\u00e9p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2014 v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 bu l\u00f4ng neo v\u00e0 neo keo c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean<\/h2>\n<p>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh: inch (SAE\/ASTM) v\u00e0 m\u00e9t (ISO). Kho h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a productionscrews.com bao ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00f2ng inch (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh: 1\/4\u2033, 5\/16\u2033, 3\/8\u2033, 1\/2\u2033, 5\/8\u2033, 3\/4\u2033, 7\/8\u2033, 1\u2033, 1-1\/8\u2033, 1-1\/4\u2033<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc ren: chu\u1ea9n UNC (th\u00f4); UNF c\u00f3 cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/li>\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i: 1\/2\u2033 \u0111\u1ebfn 8\u2033 trong kho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>D\u00f2ng m\u00e9t (ISO 898-1):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh: M6, M8, M10, M12, M16, M20, M24, M30<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n: 4.6, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 A307, A325, A490 trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u)<\/li>\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i: 10mm \u0111\u1ebfn 200mm trong kho ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 (x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9):<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>ASTM (inch)<\/th>\n<th>C\u1ea5p ISO (h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t)<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>A307<\/td>\n<td>4.6<\/td>\n<td>415 MPa \/ 60 ksi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A325<\/td>\n<td>8.8<\/td>\n<td>830 MPa \/ 120 ksi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A490<\/td>\n<td>10.9<\/td>\n<td>1040 MPa \/ 150 ksi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>12.9<\/td>\n<td>1220 MPa \/ 177 ksi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray cao t\u1ed1c, bu l\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t c\u1ea5p 10.9 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thanh n\u1ed1i ray v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf theo EN 14399-2. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 100% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 dung sai si\u1ebft thi\u1ebfu trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray) v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra bu l\u00f4ng TC b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean (2026+)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Bu l\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng minh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2026.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bu l\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng minh<\/h3>\n<p>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u (SHM) \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7u sang c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1eebng bu l\u00f4ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft bu l\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2024 t\u1ea1i ETH Z\u00fcrich \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00b12% trong gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft bu l\u00f4ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u2014 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch ch\u00e2n th\u00e1p tuabin gi\u00f3, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, khung ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u2014 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y leo ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e0n gi\u00e1o. Chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng th\u00eam (hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i g\u1ea5p 15\u201325 l\u1ea7n bu l\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n) d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn thu nh\u1ecf quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 gi\u00f2n hydro (HE) \u1edf c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (C\u1ea5p 10.9 v\u00e0 A490) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/electroplating-secrets-revealed-the-chemistry-behind-perfect-metal-coatings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"957\">ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebdm-niken<\/a> v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebdm v\u1ea3y (Dacromet, Geomet), cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi HDG m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y axit g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m hydro. Theo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n theo d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ASTM International<\/a>, c\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi F3125 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u1ea3y k\u1ebdm nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t cho bu l\u00f4ng A490 \u2014 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 titan \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng n\u01a1i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polymer gia c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee3i carbon (CFRP) \u0111ang th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i g\u1ed7 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u01a1i lo ng\u1ea1i \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/strong><br \/>\nBu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi, k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady qua m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1o r\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa bu l\u00f4ng neo v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><br \/>\nBu l\u00f4ng neo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (b\u00ea t\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, b\u00e1m d\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3c. Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p t\u1eeb ph\u00eda xa. Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi; bu l\u00f4ng neo th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n \u1edf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng g\u1ed7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><br \/>\nBu l\u00f4ng g\u1ed7 (bu l\u00f4ng v\u00edt g\u1ed7) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eb7n v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua ren ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111i qua c\u1ea3 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p b\u1eb1ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u1edf ph\u00eda xa. Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1eaft cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u2014 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1\/2\u2033 \u0111\u1ebfn 5\/8\u2033 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p, bu l\u00f4ng A325 3\/4\u2033 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc theo b\u1ea3ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch ASME B16.5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng. Quy t\u1eafc chung: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i k\u1eb9p bu l\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 8\u00d7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br \/>\nC\u00f3 \u2014 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khoan xuy\u00ean qua t\u1ea5m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u1edf ph\u00eda xa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n neo \u1ed1ng b\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fac t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 khi bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea5m t\u1eeb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1eb7t xa. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n neo gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u1edf b\u00ea t\u00f4ng n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br \/>\nC\u00f3, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c b\u1ecb k\u00e9o xuy\u00ean qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee9ng (F436 cho l\u1eafp r\u00e1p A325\/A490) l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn n\u00e0o cho bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u: tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bu l\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u A325 ho\u1eb7c A490: c\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo B\u1ea3ng J3.1 c\u1ee7a AISC b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eb7n \u0111ai \u1ed1c, bu l\u00f4ng TC ho\u1eb7c DTI \u2014 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn, v\u00ec bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn-c\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn (\u00b125\u201335%).<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng bu l\u00f4ng thru kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br \/>\nC\u00f3 \u2014 \u201cbu l\u00f4ng thru\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cbu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean\u201d d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau. C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: FastenMaster ThruLOK) v\u00e0 trong trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/04-closing-9.png\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m th\u00e9p, khung k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n cao, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111a n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: th\u00e2n bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, k\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p bu l\u00f4ng-\u0111ai \u1ed1c-v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 si\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2014 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi g\u1ed7 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cho c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 (v\u1eb7n \u0111ai \u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c bu l\u00f4ng TC cho A325\/A490, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn t\u00f9y \u00fd). V\u00e0 trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng cao ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y kh\u00f3a \u0111ai \u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p, inox v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc inch v\u00e0 m\u00e9t \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c cao ASTM A325, A490 v\u00e0 ISO 10.9 \u2014 h\u00e3y xem qua <a href=\"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/\" target=\"_blank\">danh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a productionscrews.com<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u1edbi x\u1eed l\u00fd trong ng\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu l\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean \u0111i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p b\u1eb1ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng neo v\u00e0 v\u00edt lag.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3693,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-screws-flange-tutorial"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3698"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3722,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3698\/revisions\/3722"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}