{"id":4364,"date":"2026-05-20T08:31:31","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T08:31:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/screw-nut-bolt\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T08:31:56","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T08:31:56","slug":"screw-nut-bolt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/screw-nut-bolt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c, bu l\u00f4ng: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u1ed0c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c, bu l\u00f4ng: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h1>\n

M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 ren d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u2014 v\u00edt ren v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, bu l\u00f4ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf trong khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o t\u1eebng h\u1ed9p th\u00e9p s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng. Bu l\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, v\u00edt m\u00e1y, \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, bu l\u00f4ng xe \u0111\u1ea9y \u2014 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng, ren b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111i qua c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ren (\u0111o m\u00e9t, UNC, UNF), v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t khung l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo \u2014 d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lan can s\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e1y CNC, hay khung xe \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/p>\n

\n

\u1ed0c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c, bu l\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u2014 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

A v\u00edt<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/strong>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 ren, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau.<\/p>\n

A bu l\u00f4ng<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 ren ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u1eaft ren c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u2014 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c. Bu l\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n tr\u01a1n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ren) g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

A v\u00edt<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 ren b\u00ean trong, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ren \u2014 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoan s\u1eb5n trong kim lo\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ren m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra khi b\u1eaft v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00edt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ren \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. V\u00edt m\u00e1y, v\u00edt g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 v\u00edt t\u1ef1 khoan \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

A \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ren b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c (ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c) \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng. \u0110ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n\u1ed0c v\u00edt<\/th>\nV\u00edt<\/th>\n\u0110ai \u1ed1c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ren ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n\u2705 C\u00f3<\/td>\n\u2705 C\u00f3<\/td>\n\u274c Kh\u00f4ng (b\u00ean trong)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u1ea7n \u0111ai \u1ed1c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n\u2705 Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/td>\n\u274c Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>\n\u0110i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 khoan<\/td>\n\u274c Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u2705<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (tr\u01a1n + c\u00f3 ren)<\/td>\nRen ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\nHex, socket, flange<\/td>\nHex, Phillips, Torx, slotted<\/td>\nHex, flange, cap, lock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

C\u00f9ng nhau, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/strong> or ren trong<\/strong>. Danh m\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m washer, rivet, m\u00f3c, v\u00e0 clip, nh\u01b0ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 kh\u00ed trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Florida<\/a>, c\u00e1c fastener c\u00f3 ren l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi ch\u00ednh trong l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bu l\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/h3>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng + \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/strong> khi:
\n\u2013 C\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn
\n\u2013 B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1edbn
\n\u2013 M\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o l\u1eafp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u00edt<\/strong> khi:
\n\u2013 Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ren v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac, thanh tr\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7)
\n\u2013 B\u1ea1n \u0111ang ren v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ren s\u1eb5n
\n\u2013 T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng: Tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/h2>\n

\"h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c (V\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c)<\/h3>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung. \u0110\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c (hexagonal) ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1edd l\u00ea ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5 c\u1eafm, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Bu l\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb C\u1ea5p 2 (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p, d\u00f9ng chung) \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ea5p 8 (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c) theo h\u1ec7 imperial, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Lo\u1ea1i 4.8 \u0111\u1ebfn Lo\u1ea1i 12.9 theo h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, \u00f4 t\u00f4, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng khung.<\/p>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng xe ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

\u1ed0c v\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01a1n, bo tr\u00f2n, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u1ed5 vu\u00f4ng c\u1eafn v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n xoay khi si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i g\u1ed7-g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7-kh\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1c n\u1eb1m ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> V\u00e1n s\u00e0n, khung g\u1ed7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01a1i, s\u00e0n xe k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng flange<\/h3>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t b\u00edch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u1ec7m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u1ec7m ri\u00eang. Bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u00f4 t\u00f4 (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1), \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1eb7t b\u00edch r\u0103ng c\u01b0a t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng rung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eafn v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> L\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u1eb7t b\u00edch \u1ed1ng, kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y rung l\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1t (SHCS)<\/h3>\n

D\u00f9 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng \u2014 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n v\u1edbi \u1ed5 kh\u00f3a l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c trong (Allen). C\u00e1c v\u00edt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh SHCS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y m\u00f3c khi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> M\u00e1y CNC, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1, b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00f3 khe h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng m\u1eaft v\u00e0 U-b\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n

\u1ed0c m\u1eaft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn c\u00e1p, x\u00edch ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3c. \u1ed0c U c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng cong ch\u1eef U v\u1edbi ren \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00e2n \u2014 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1eb9p quanh \u1ed1ng, \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c thanh tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> Gi\u00e0n treo, gi\u00e1 treo \u1ed1ng, m\u00f3c k\u00e9o xe, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 anten.<\/p>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng neo v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng m\u00f3ng<\/h3>\n

G\u1eafn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5, bu l\u00f4ng neo cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ren n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, b\u1ea3n s\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00edt v\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa m\u00f3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00eda tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\nKi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u<\/th>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho<\/th>\nT\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Bu l\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/td>\nL\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chung<\/td>\nL\u1edbp 2, 5, 8 \/ L\u1edbp 8.8, 10.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bu l\u00f4ng xe<\/td>\nC\u00fap tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nK\u1ebft n\u1ed1i g\u1ed7<\/td>\nC\u1ea5p 2, 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch<\/td>\n\u1ed0c hex c\u00f3 flange<\/td>\n\u00d4 t\u00f4, rung l\u1eafc<\/td>\nC\u1ea5p 5, 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1ed0c \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1t<\/td>\n\u1ed4 c\u1eafm hex h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5<\/td>\nM\u00e1y m\u00f3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>\nL\u1edbp 10.9, 12.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eaft<\/td>\nV\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/td>\nD\u00e2y c\u00e1p, n\u00e2ng<\/td>\nC\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bu l\u00f4ng U<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef U<\/td>\nK\u1eb9p \u1ed1ng\/h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng<\/td>\nC\u1ea5p 2, 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n

V\u00edt kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ren tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111ai \u1ed1c ri\u00eang. Lo\u1ea1i v\u00edt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n (g\u1ed7, kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1ef1a, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng) v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

\u1ed0c v\u00edt m\u00e1y<\/h3>\n

V\u00edt m\u00e1y c\u00f3 ren c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ren trong kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1eb3ng (m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft l\u1ed3i), \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u truss. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u xoay g\u1ed3m Phillips, Torx, r\u00e3nh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, v\u00e0 hex socket.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/em> Khi v\u00edt m\u00e1y \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 t\u1ed1i trong nh\u00f4m v\u1edbi ren th\u00f4, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 khoan ph\u1ee7 nitride titan t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ren. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ren b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t trong nh\u00f4m do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khoan sai \u2014 lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng quy \u0111\u1ed5i ren.<\/p>\n

\u1ed0c v\u00edt g\u1ed7<\/h3>\n

V\u00edt g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 ren th\u00f4, tapered thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i g\u1ed7. V\u00edt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0 v\u00edt deck #10) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, trong khi v\u00edt drywall m\u1ecbn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho t\u1ea5m th\u1ea1ch cao v\u00e0 khung nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> Khung g\u1ed7, t\u1ee7 b\u1ebfp, s\u00e0n decking, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m (t\u1ef1 khoan)<\/h3>\n

V\u00edt t\u1ef1 khoan c\u1eaft ren c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang trong kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ecfng, nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh. Lo\u1ea1i A c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 khoan s\u1eb5n; Lo\u1ea1i B (\u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f9) \u0111\u1ec3 khoan v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 khoan s\u1eb5n. V\u00edt Tek (\u0111\u1ea7u khoan) lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nhu c\u1ea7u khoan tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn HVAC, m\u00e1i kim lo\u1ea1i, h\u1ed9p \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n xe \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (Set Screws)<\/h3>\n

\u1ed0c v\u1eb7n (\u1ed1c v\u00edt nh\u1ecf) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u2014 ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 ren v\u00e0 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh ch\u00e9n, h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1eb3ng \u00e9p v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c c\u1eafn v\u00e0o tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5, b\u00e1nh \u0111\u0129a ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t l\u1ed3i ra.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> V\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, b\u00e1nh \u0111\u0129a, trung t\u00e2m b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u1ed0c v\u00edt b\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t (\u1ed0c v\u00edt b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c)<\/h3>\n

D\u00f9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ed1c bu l\u00f4ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, \u1ed1c v\u00edt lag \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng c\u1edd l\u00ea v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 khoan l\u1ed7 s\u1eb5n ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u hex th\u00f4 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c gi\u1eef c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i g\u1ed7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee1, d\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u thang ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa x\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> Khung g\u1ed7 n\u1eb7ng, b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee1 s\u00e0n, m\u00f3c c\u1ed9t, c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0110ai \u1ed1c: Kh\u00f3a, M\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00e0 Chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1eeda c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9p c\u00f3 ren. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u2014 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f3a, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ea3i hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c Hex<\/h3>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c hex ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7y chi\u1ec1u cao, m\u1ecfng (k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t) v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng. \u0110ai \u1ed1c k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t l\u00e0 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i \u2014 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng rung \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m qua th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c Kh\u00f3a Nylon (Nylock)<\/h3>\n

V\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 nylon b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111ai \u1ed1c n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i khi ren c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, t\u1ea1o ra ma s\u00e1t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ecfng. \u0110ai \u1ed1c Nylock v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (nylon bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng), nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t cho 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/em> Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean 110\u00b0C (230\u00b0F) \u2014 nylon m\u1ec1m ra.<\/p>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c M\u1eb7t b\u00edch<\/h3>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec7m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1eb7t b\u00edch r\u0103ng c\u01b0a c\u1eafn v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng quay d\u01b0\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n treo v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb HVAC.<\/p>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c Kh\u00f3a L\u1ef1c Th\u1ed1ng Tr\u1ecb (Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9)<\/h3>\n

D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c nylon kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, \u0111ai \u1ed1c kh\u00f3a l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n kim lo\u1ea1i (bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh elip, ren l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 l\u00f2 xo) cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng rung \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 500\u00b0F. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c N\u1eafp (\u0110ai \u1ed1c Qu\u1ea3 S\u1ed3i)<\/h3>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p n\u00f3n che ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, an to\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ea7u ren s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn), v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ren l\u1ed9 ra trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c T v\u00e0 \u0110ai \u1ed1c H\u00e0n<\/h3>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c T \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau, cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00e8n c\u00f3 ren ph\u1eb3ng cho c\u00e1c thanh gi\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng gh\u00e9p, v\u00e0 m\u00f3c leo tr\u00e8o. \u0110ai \u1ed1c h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec3m ren c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\nCh\u1ed1ng Rung \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/th>\nGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/th>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Hex (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n)<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (th\u00e9p)<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nylock<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n230\u00b0F \/ 110\u00b0C<\/td>\nM\u00e1y m\u00f3c chung, \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u1eb7t b\u00edch r\u0103ng c\u01b0a<\/td>\nT\u1ed1t<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n\u00d4 t\u00f4, HVAC, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>\n500\u00b0F+<\/td>\nKh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, m\u00e1y bay, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1ed0c jam (hai v\u00f2ng)<\/td>\nT\u1ed1t<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\nK\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c, bu l\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

\"\u1ed1c<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn sai lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c, bu l\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khung quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n

T\u1ea3i k\u00e9o (tr\u1ee5c)<\/strong> \u2014 l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c bu l\u00f4ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bu l\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (Grade 8 \/ Class 10.9+) v\u00e0 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea3i c\u1eaft<\/strong> \u2014 l\u1ef1c vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c bu l\u00f4ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ren ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft. Bu l\u00f4ng vai \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea3i c\u1eaft v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n ren c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> \u2014 t\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ecfng \u0111ai \u1ed1c d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c Nylock, \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1eb7t b\u00edch r\u0103ng c\u01b0a, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ecfng ren (Loctite 243 cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung, Loctite 271 cho c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n).<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ch\u1ecdn V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u2014 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bu l\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p 2 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p 8, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (\u0111ai \u1ed1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
C\u1ea5p 2 (SAE)<\/td>\n74.000 psi<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9, chung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u1ea5p 5 (SAE)<\/td>\n120.000 psi<\/td>\n3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u00e2m<\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u1ea5p 8 (SAE)<\/td>\n150.000 psi<\/td>\n6 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u00e2m<\/td>\nC\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao, quan tr\u1ecdng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u1edbp 8.8 (Theo H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t)<\/td>\n116.000 psi<\/td>\n\u201c8.8\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td>\nM\u00e1y m\u00f3c chung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u1edbp 10.9 (Theo H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t)<\/td>\n145.000 psi<\/td>\n\u201c10.9\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td>\nM\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u1edbp 12.9 (Theo H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t)<\/td>\n174.000 psi<\/td>\n\u201c12.9\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td>\nC\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a, \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18-8 Inox<\/td>\n80.000\u2013100.000 psi<\/td>\nThay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\nCh\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/td>\n84.000 psi<\/td>\nThay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\nM\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM F568M<\/a> qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng m\u00e9t cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p carbon v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u2014 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o h\u1eefu \u00edch khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: So kh\u1edbp Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ren<\/h3>\n

H\u1ec7 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Anh (UNC \/ UNF):<\/strong>
\n\u2013 UNC (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ren th\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) \u2014 \u00edt ren h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i inch, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p nhanh h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi c\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi
\n\u2013 UNF (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ren tinh qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) \u2014 nhi\u1ec1u ren h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i inch, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tinh vi h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t (d\u00f2ng M):<\/strong>
\n\u2013 B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: M8 \u00d7 1.25) \u2014 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c chung
\n\u2013 B\u01b0\u1edbc tinh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: M8 \u00d7 1.0) \u2014 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Anh. M\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng 3\/8-16 (h\u1ec7 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Anh) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng M10 \u00d7 1.5 (h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t) tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau. V\u1eb7n ren ch\u00e9o g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n

Th\u00e9p tr\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac:<\/p>\n