{"id":4866,"date":"2026-06-10T00:13:22","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T00:13:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/stainless-fasteners\/"},"modified":"2026-06-10T00:13:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T00:13:34","slug":"stainless-fasteners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/stainless-fasteners\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulong Inox: H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Mua H\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee7 (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu l\u00f4ng inox l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 long \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 304 (A2) ho\u1eb7c 316 (A4), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"bu<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t ch\u1ec9 sau s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi ai \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi: c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u1ed1 m\u00e0u cam ch\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u khi\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Bu l\u00f4ng inox gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u201cinox\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ecdn sai c\u1ea5p, sai ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5p, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u1eaby khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\n

Bu l\u00f4ng inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng inox l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 ren v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ren (bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt, \u0111ai \u1ed1c, long \u0111en, ty ren v\u00e0 t\u1eafc k\u00ea) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10,5% crom theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng crom n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cinox\u201d; d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp oxit th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h3>\n

H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. Khi crom ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi oxy, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit crom m\u1ecfng, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0i nanomet. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, oxy v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do bu l\u00f4ng inox b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u1edbp m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hy sinh k\u1ebdm: khi k\u1ebdm b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao h\u1ebft, th\u00e9p b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p th\u00e9p \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Theo Theo m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean Wikipedia v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 SAE 304<\/a>, th\u00e9p c\u1ea5p 304 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua \u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 60 \u00b0C (140 \u00b0F). Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea5p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

A2 so v\u1edbi A4: hai c\u1ea5p b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p<\/h3>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn bu l\u00f4ng inox ch\u1ec9 xoay quanh hai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 3506-1:2020<\/a>, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho bu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang l\u00e0 A2 (lo\u1ea1i austenit 304) v\u00e0 A4 (lo\u1ea1i austenit 316). C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/th>\n304 \/ A2<\/th>\n316 \/ A4<\/th>\n18-8<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Cr\u00f4m %<\/td>\n18-20%<\/td>\n16-18%<\/td>\n18%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Niken %<\/td>\n8-10.5%<\/td>\n10-14%<\/td>\n8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molybdenum<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n2-3%<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng clorua<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/td>\nTrong nh\u00e0, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi nh\u1eb9<\/td>\nH\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/td>\nC\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\nCao h\u01a1n ~15-25%<\/td>\nT\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 molypden. Th\u00eam 2-3% molypden v\u00e0o th\u00e9p 316 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u clorua. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c khi\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng ven bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a. Theo T\u1ed5ng quan Wikipedia v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a>, Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung molypden trong 316 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.\u201d<\/p>\n

18-8 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9a 18% crom \/ 8% niken. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i 304 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ASTM ho\u1eb7c ISO c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bulong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2>\n

Danh m\u1ee5c bulong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m gi\u1eefa d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Bulong v\u00e0 v\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

Bulong l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c khi ren to\u00e0n b\u1ed9) l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p A2 v\u00e0 A4, ch\u00fang x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Hai l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ren. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, ren th\u00f4 (M10 x 1.5 theo h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t, ho\u1eb7c 3\/8\u2033-16 UNC theo h\u1ec7 inch) ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ecfng do rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ren m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n

Bulong \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n vai vu\u00f4ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea7n vai vu\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0103n v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a khi si\u1ebft \u0111ai \u1ed1c, gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t bulong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u1edd l\u00ea t\u1eeb ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7u t\u00e0u, khung g\u1ed7 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u bulong nh\u1eb5n, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c ch\u00ecm s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c b\u00ean trong. Trong kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p (h\u1ed9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c dung sai nh\u1ecf, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e2m), v\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c ch\u00ecm cho ph\u00e9p si\u1ebft l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i v\u00edt l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt m\u00e1y, v\u00edt t\u1ef1 khoan v\u00e0 v\u00edt t\u00f4n<\/h3>\n

V\u00edt m\u00e1y l\u00e0 bulong ren to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c taro s\u1eb5n ho\u1eb7c \u0111ai \u1ed1c gh\u00e9p. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong h\u1ed9p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u1eb9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u00edt m\u00e1y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 304 tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 l\u00e0 316.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt t\u1ef1 khoan t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ren khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eb7n v\u00e0o, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u01b0\u1edbc taro. Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u00f4n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eb9 (\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p, \u1ed1p ngo\u00e0i), v\u00edt t\u1ef1 khoan th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i v\u00edt s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u00ean qua. Bulong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt t\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ecfng, v\u1edbi ren ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc to\u00e0n th\u00e2n v\u00edt. Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ven bi\u1ec3n, v\u00edt t\u00f4n lo\u1ea1i 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u00e1i h\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c, long \u0111en v\u00e0 bulong neo<\/h3>\n

\u0110ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 long \u0111en th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua sau c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t bulong 316 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c 304 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Long \u0111en ph\u1eb3ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u bulong. Long \u0111en ch\u1ed1ng xoay (v\u00f2ng c\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t r\u0103ng c\u01b0a) ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ecfng khi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110ai \u1ed1c m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u1eb7t b\u00edch long \u0111en, h\u1eefu \u00edch cho l\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng n\u01a1i long \u0111en ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xoay l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

Bulong neo th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (neo n\u1edf, neo \u1ed1ng, neo th\u1ea3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m cao c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9; nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a clo t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m tan b\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\nC\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\nKi\u1ec3u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Bulong l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c \/ v\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/td>\nA2 (304), A4 (316)<\/td>\nL\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nK\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bu l\u00f4ng xe<\/td>\n304, 316<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/td>\nG\u1ed7, b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u, s\u00e0n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed5 c\u1eafm<\/td>\n304, 316<\/td>\nL\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c trong (Allen)<\/td>\nM\u00e1y m\u00f3c khe h\u1eb9p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1ed0c v\u00edt m\u00e1y<\/td>\n304 (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn), 316 (d\u00f9ng cho bi\u1ec3n)<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n\/ph\u1eb3ng\/l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p nh\u1eb9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ef1 khoan \/ v\u00edt t\u00f4n<\/td>\n304, 316<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea7u bake, l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m<\/td>\n\u1ed0p t\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC, m\u00e1i t\u00f4n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1eafc k\u00ea inox<\/td>\n\u01afu ti\u00ean 316<\/td>\nL\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c Allen<\/td>\nB\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"bu<\/p>\n

\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng inox ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u201cInox\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 clorua, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u A2 hay A4 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 hay c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p kim cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 bu l\u00f4ng inox quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 19.000-22.000 mg\/L clorua, cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 inox 304 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1ed7 kho\u1ea3ng 50-140 l\u1ea7n. Bu l\u00f4ng 304 (A2) ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn hai m\u00f9a. H\u01b0 h\u1ecfng n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

316 (A4) v\u1edbi l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng molypden l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n: ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n boong thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, 316L (bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u00edt carbon c\u1ee7a 316) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i inox duplex c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1ed7 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ngay c\u1ea3 316 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch ly khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

Ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t inox v\u00ec l\u1edbp oxit crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u0169ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 axit m\u1ea1nh (CIP) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chu tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng (SIP) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eefa, th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. Inox 316 (A4) l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n molypden c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hypochlorite s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong chu tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ecfng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf inox 304.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u1ed1t inox \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vi m\u00f4 m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1t inox \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ISO (ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ISO 3506-1<\/a>) l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng inox\u201d kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean; s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, HVAC v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chung<\/h3>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chung v\u00e0 HVAC \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, m\u01b0a axit v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e2m clo. Ch\u1ed1t inox 304 (A2) x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 316. Hai ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: m\u1eb7t d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1p ngo\u00e0i trong ph\u1ea1m vi kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m t\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi g\u1ed7 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ACQ v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ki\u1ec1m quaternary ch\u1ee9a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9 ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi inox. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao, 316 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n. V\u1ecf b\u01a1m, th\u00e2n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i khung b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi axit, ki\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c dung m\u00f4i. Axit sulfuric c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: inox 304 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 3% n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, trong khi 316 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 20% n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 3% l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 50 \u00b0C, theo B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft Wikipedia v\u1ec1 inox<\/a>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit cao h\u01a1n, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 inox duplex ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim niken.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ed1t inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t: b\u1ecf qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o trong ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ch\u1ecdn sai. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf qua l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ren nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed1t inox n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n