{"id":4980,"date":"2026-07-01T15:58:31","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T15:58:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/a2-70\/"},"modified":"2026-07-01T15:58:37","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T15:58:37","slug":"a2-70","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/productionscrews.com\/vi\/a2-70\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p Kh\u00f4ng G\u1ec9 A2-70 L\u00e0 G\u00ec? C\u1ea5p \u0110\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ed9 B\u1ec1n & H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Th\u00f4ng S\u1ed1 K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"

A2-70 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic (304 \/ 18-8), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 700 MPa, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ISO 3506-1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cA2-70\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u bu l\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u1ea7m g\u00ec. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng 304 kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed7i trang b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd vui v\u1ebb b\u00e1n cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc a2-70<\/strong> bu l\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn 304 \/ 18-8 \/ 316, v\u00e0 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o a2-70<\/strong> l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u A2-70 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim.<\/p>\n

\"bu-l\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

\u201cA2-70\u201d Th\u1ef1c S\u1ef1 C\u00f3 \u00dd Ngh\u0129a G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

A2-70 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n. \u201cA2\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m th\u00e9p (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 304), v\u00e0 \u201c70\u201d l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n: 700 MPa k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bu l\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ISO 3506-1. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u hay d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/em> trong s\u00e1u k\u00fd t\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef c\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef s\u1ed1. Ch\u1eef A<\/strong> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Austenitic, h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, cr\u00f4m-niken. Nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a AZoM v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic<\/a> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec n\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 2<\/strong> thu h\u1eb9p n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n lo\u1ea1i 304. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u201cA2\u201d theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 hai, sau d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch, l\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u chia cho 10, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng MPa. 70<\/strong> do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 700 MPa<\/strong> t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. A2-50 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 500 MPa; A2-80, 800 MPa. Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 3506-1 nh\u01b0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u1edfi BSSA, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u00e9p Kh\u00f4ng G\u1ec9 Anh<\/a>, con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a thanh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/th>\nGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
A<\/td>\nAustenitic<\/td>\nTh\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cr\u00f4m-nickel, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nNh\u00f3m 2<\/td>\nH\u00f3a h\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i 304 (~18% Cr, ~8% Ni)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nL\u1edbp t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\nT\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 700 MPa \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p<\/td>\nGia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u1ea1i sao gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c trang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecf qua. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic nh\u01b0 304 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>, v\u00ec v\u1eady l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n. V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o A2-70 \u0111\u1ea1t 700 MPa khi 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n 500 MPa? Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. Thanh th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o qua khu\u00f4n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u is<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p. L\u1edbp 50 l\u00e0 \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t (m\u1ec1m), l\u1edbp 70 l\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn), v\u00e0 l\u1edbp 80 l\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng (c\u1ee9ng). Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bul\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u01b0\u1edbi M20 l\u00e0 A2-70 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho ph\u1ea1m vi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00ean M24, \u0111\u1ea1t 700 MPa th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

A2-70 Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (B\u1ea3ng Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7)<\/h2>\n

A2-70 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 700 MPa, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u1eebng 450 MPa (\u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i 0.2%), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 0.4d t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e3y.<\/strong> [E-E-A-T]<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00edch d\u1eabn gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3; h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u1eebng. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1c v\u00edt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ISO 3506-1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/a>, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng M20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/th>\nGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb A2-70<\/th>\nGhi ch\u00fa ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o (Rm)<\/td>\nT\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 700 MPa<\/td>\n\u1ed0c v\u00edt k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eabu gia c\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t d\u1eebng (Rp0.2)<\/td>\nT\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 450 MPa<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n 0.2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i sau g\u00e3y<\/td>\nT\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 0.4 d<\/td>\nd = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ren danh ngh\u0129a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 210 \u0111\u1ebfn 350 HV<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/td>\nT\u1eeb 10 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 35 \u00b0C<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Hai \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edd. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng A2-70 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean 700 MPa. Th\u1ee9 hai, con s\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u201c0.4d\u201d khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a fastener ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 40% \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u00e3y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao fastener th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 u\u1ed1n cong tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\n

M\u1eb9o chuy\u00ean gia:<\/strong> L\u1ef1c ch\u1ecbu th\u1eed c\u1ee7a A2-70 l\u00e0 450 MPa l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bu l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 fastener b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ee9t. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e3y 700 MPa.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: v\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng A2-70 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn theo b\u1ea3ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn th\u00e9p carbon s\u1ebd g\u00e2y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p carbon c\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9. Lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. Con s\u1ed1 700 MPa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/em>, kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn M20. Tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thanh d\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec v\u1eady ISO 3506-1 cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng A2-70 M30 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n 500 MPa k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ee9t thay v\u00ec con s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 700. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c fastener th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u1edbn cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u li\u00ean k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eebng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp mang to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. H\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang trong ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9. H\u1ecd b\u00e1n cho b\u1ea1n \u201cA2-70 M30\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh 700 MPa cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebfu. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eabn cao, \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang A2-80 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p carbon trung b\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 A2: C\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 304 \/ 18-8 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n

C\u00f3, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 A2 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p austenitic lo\u1ea1i 304, v\u00e0 \u201c18-8\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u0169 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng 18% cr\u00f4m v\u00e0 8% niken.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 a2-70<\/strong>, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ed9p \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi\u201d c\u1ee7a Google v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cA2-70 c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng 18\/8 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 A2, 304 v\u00e0 18-8 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\"bu-l\u00f4ng,<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u201c18-8\u201d<\/h3>\n

T\u00ean \u201c18-8\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. Nh\u01b0 Theo m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean Wikipedia v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 SAE 304<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i 304 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 18% cr\u00f4m v\u00e0 8% niken<\/strong>, v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 18\/8 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u201cStaybrite 18\/8\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924. Crom l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t. Niken \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit (phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 A2 \/ 304:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/th>\nPh\u1ea1m vi A2 \/ 304<\/th>\nVai tr\u00f2<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Chrom (Cr)<\/td>\n17.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 19.5%<\/td>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c18\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nickel (Ni)<\/td>\n8.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 10.5%<\/td>\nCh\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c8\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cacbon (C)<\/td>\n\u2264 0.08%<\/td>\nGi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a carbide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mangan (Mn)<\/td>\n\u2264 2.0%<\/td>\nCh\u1ea5t kh\u1eed oxy, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh austenit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molybdenum (Mo)<\/td>\nkh\u00f4ng \/ v\u1ebft nh\u1ecf<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a A4\/316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

18-8 so v\u1edbi 304 so v\u1edbi A2: ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf<\/h3>\n

Ch\u00fang ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nhau nh\u01b0 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u<\/em>. 18-8<\/strong> l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec g\u1ea7n 18% Cr v\u00e0 8% Ni \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, bao g\u1ed3m 302 v\u00e0 305. 304<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (UNS S30400) v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. A2<\/strong> l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t kh\u00f3a<\/em> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb ISO 3506, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 304 ho\u1eb7c 304L d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bu l\u00f4ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng A2-70 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u201cc\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 18-8 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0: v\u00e2ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd 18-8, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 304 trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cho bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/a> \u0111i qua vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i bu l\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: th\u00e9p 304 \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng A2-70 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fat t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i gi\u00fap n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t 700 MPa chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat austenit th\u00e0nh martensit, th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 nam ch\u00e2m s\u1ebd h\u00fat. M\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u01a1i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee9ng do gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

A2-70 so v\u1edbi A2-50 so v\u1edbi A2-80: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

A2-50, A2-70, v\u00e0 A2-80 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e9p 304 gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf ba m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9: 500, 700, v\u00e0 800 MPa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a thanh sau khi k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ec h\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, l\u1edbp t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng khi b\u1ea1n thay th\u1ebf: m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng A2-80 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n<\/em> cao h\u01a1n A2-70 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n, v\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L\u1edbp<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t th\u1eed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p<\/th>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
A2-50<\/td>\n500 MPa<\/td>\n210 MPa<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n (m\u1ec1m)<\/td>\nKhi c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh\/u\u1ed1n cong, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A2-70<\/td>\n700 MPa<\/td>\n450 MPa<\/td>\nGia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i<\/td>\nM\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A2-80<\/td>\n800 MPa<\/td>\n600 MPa<\/td>\nGia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

A2-70 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, v\u1eabn d\u1ebbo, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong kho. A2-50 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn n\u00f3 khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh sau khi ren, v\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m u\u1ed1n cong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee9t. A2-80 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0<\/em> \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng carbon trung b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt, xem ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 bu l\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng SAE, m\u00e9t v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A2-70 so v\u1edbi A4-70: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa 304 v\u00e0 316<\/h2>\n

A2-70 v\u00e0 A4-70 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng nhau 700 MPa, nh\u01b0ng A4 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 v\u1edbi molybdenum b\u1ed5 sung, mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n mu\u1ed1i, chlorides v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/strong> [E-E-A-T]<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Google trong ph\u1ea7n \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi\u201d v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cA4-70 c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng 316 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 A2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 304. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u201c70\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 700 MPa nh\u01b0 nhau trong c\u1ea3 hai. \u0110i\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0103n m\u00f2n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: molybdenum<\/strong>. A4\/316 ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3,1% molybdenum, trong khi A2\/304 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Molybdenum n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf<\/em>, cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra khi chlorides (mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, phun bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i) ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Wikipedia v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 SAE 316<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00fa, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng molybdenum n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn 316 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chloride, n\u01a1i 304 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u1ed7 d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u1eb7p c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/th>\nTh\u00e9p n\u1ec1n<\/th>\nMolybdenum<\/th>\nM\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/th>\nTr\u00e1nh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
A2-70<\/td>\n304 \/ 18-8<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\nTrong nh\u00e0, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi chung, an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/td>\nVen bi\u1ec3n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec1u chloride<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A4-70<\/td>\n316<\/td>\n2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3%<\/td>\nH\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\n(qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Quy t\u1eafc mua h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n b\u1eaft v\u00edt s\u1ebd t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bi\u1ec3n, mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i<\/strong>, h\u00e3y chi th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn A4-70. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong nh\u00e0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chung, v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7n, A2-70 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho A4 khi A2 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ec7ch qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong mua s\u1eafm. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn mua ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh A2\/A4 theo ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i A2-70 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

A2-70 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi chung, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u1ed1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, ven bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u clo.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn A2-70 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean<\/em> c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

\"bu-l\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n